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Trotterization is the most common and convenient approximation method for Hamiltonian simulations on digital quantum computers, but estimating its error accurately is computationally difficult for large quantum systems. Here, we develop a…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-09-19 Tatsuhiko N. Ikeda , Hideki Kono , Keisuke Fujii

Quantum computers can efficiently simulate many-body systems. As a widely used Hamiltonian simulation tool, the Trotter-Suzuki scheme splits the evolution into the number of Trotter steps $N$ and approximates the evolution of each step by a…

量子物理 · 物理学 2019-01-23 Suguru Endo , Qi Zhao , Ying Li , Simon Benjamin , Xiao Yuan

Simulating quantum dynamics beyond the reach of classical computers is one of the main envisioned applications of quantum computers. The most promising quantum algorithms to this end in the near-term are the simplest, which use the Trotter…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-05-25 David Layden

A complex but important challenge in understanding quantum mechanical phenomena is the simulation of quantum many-body dynamics. Although quantum computers offer significant potential to accelerate these simulations, their practical…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-09-26 Gian Gentinetta , Friederike Metz , Giuseppe Carleo

Quantum dynamics simulation via Hamilton simulation algorithms is one of the most crucial applications in the quantum computing field. While this task has been relatively considered the target in the fault-tolerance era, the experiment for…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-09-11 Shigeo Hakkaku , Yasunari Suzuki , Yuuki Tokunaga , Suguru Endo

Quantum simulation is a promising way toward practical quantum advantage, but noise in current quantum hardware poses a significant obstacle. We prove that not only the physical error but also the algorithmic error in a single Trotter step…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-10-29 Jue Xu , Chu Zhao , Junyu Fan , Qi Zhao

Simulation of continuous time evolution requires time discretization on both classical and quantum computers. A finer time step improves simulation precision, but it inevitably leads to increased computational efforts. This is particularly…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-08-16 Hongzheng Zhao , Marin Bukov , Markus Heyl , Roderich Moessner

Various Hamiltonian simulation algorithms have been proposed to efficiently study the dynamics of quantum systems on a quantum computer. The existing algorithms generally approximate the time evolution operators, which may need a deep…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-03-14 Zi-Jian Zhang , Jinzhao Sun , Xiao Yuan , Man-Hong Yung

Computing the ground-state properties of quantum many-body systems is a promising application of near-term quantum hardware with a potential impact in many fields. The conventional algorithm quantum phase estimation uses deep circuits and…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-02-14 Mingxia Huo , Ying Li

Simulating real-time dynamics under a Hamiltonian is a central goal of quantum information science. While numerous Hamiltonian-simulation quantum algorithms have been proposed, the effects of physical noise have rarely been incorporated…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-03-13 Keisuke Murota , Synge Todo , Suguru Endo

Suppressing the Trotter error in dynamical quantum simulation typically requires running deeper circuits, posing a great challenge for noisy near-term quantum devices. Studies have shown that the empirical error is usually much smaller than…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-02-12 Yi-Hsiang Chen

Quantum simulation is a foundational application for quantum computers, projected to offer insights into complex quantum systems beyond the reach of classical computation. However, with the exception of Trotter-based methods, which suffer…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-02-10 Amir Kalev , Itay Hen

Universal quantum simulation may provide insights into those many-body systems that cannot be described classically, and that cannot be efficiently simulated with current technology. The Trotter formula, which decomposes a desired unitary…

量子物理 · 物理学 2015-06-09 George C. Knee , William J. Munro

Trotter approximation in conjunction with Quantum Phase Estimation can be used to extract eigen-energies of a many-body Hamiltonian on a quantum computer. There were several ways proposed to assess the quality of this approximation based on…

The quantum circuit model is the de-facto way of designing quantum algorithms. Yet any level of abstraction away from the underlying hardware incurs overhead. In the era of near-term, noisy, intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) hardware with…

量子物理 · 物理学 2021-08-27 Laura Clinton , Johannes Bausch , Toby Cubitt

Trotterization is one of the central approaches for simulating quantum many-body dynamics on quantum computers or tensor networks. In addition to its simple implementation, recent studies have revealed that its error and cost can be reduced…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-10-17 Kaoru Mizuta , Tomotaka Kuwahara

Product formulae are a popular class of digital quantum simulation algorithms due to their conceptual simplicity, low overhead, and performance which often exceeds theoretical expectations. Recently, Richardson extrapolation and polynomial…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-10-10 James D. Watson , Jacob Watkins

Quantum computation with Trotter product formulae is straightforward and requires little overhead in terms of logical qubits. The choice of the orbital basis significantly affects circuit depth, with localised orbitals yielding lowest…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-02-24 Marvin Kronenberger , Mihael Erakovic , Markus Reiher

Fault-tolerant quantum computing is a promising tool for simulating molecules and materials, but frequently-considered applications require substantial resources, and the gap between hardware capabilities and requirements remains…

Recent work has deployed linear combinations of unitaries techniques to reduce the cost of fault-tolerant quantum simulations of correlated electron models. Here, we show that one can sometimes improve upon those results with optimized…

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