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Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is critical to ensuring the reliability of deep learning applications and has attracted significant attention in recent years. A rich body of literature has emerged to develop efficient score functions…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-22 Yuhang Liu , Yuefei Wu , Bin Shi , Bo Dong

Out-of-distribution (OoD) detection is a natural downstream task for deep generative models, due to their ability to learn the input probability distribution. There are mainly two classes of approaches for OoD detection using deep…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-07-11 Yujia Huang , Sihui Dai , Tan Nguyen , Richard G. Baraniuk , Anima Anandkumar

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for deploying robust machine learning models, especially in areas where security is critical. However, traditional OOD detection methods often fail to capture complex data distributions from…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-08-22 Armando Zhu , Jiabei Liu , Keqin Li , Shuying Dai , Bo Hong , Peng Zhao , Changsong Wei

We present a systematic benchmark of out-of-distribution (OOD) detection CSFs through a representation-centric lens. Our study spans CNN and ViT backbones, multiple training paradigms, four image-classification source datasets (CIFAR-10,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Claudio César Claros Olivares , Austin J. Brockmeier

Detecting Out-of-Distribution (OOD) samples in real world visual applications like classification or object detection has become a necessary precondition in today's deployment of Deep Learning systems. Many techniques have been proposed, of…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-08-24 Abhishek Joshi , Sathish Chalasani , Kiran Nanjunda Iyer

Deep neural networks are susceptible to generating overconfident yet erroneous predictions when presented with data beyond known concepts. This challenge underscores the importance of detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) samples in the open…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-08-31 Yiye Chen , Yunzhi Lin , Ruinian Xu , Patricio A. Vela

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a critical task to ensure the reliability and security of machine learning models deployed in real-world applications. Conventional methods for OOD detection that rely on single-modal information,…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-03-21 K Huang , G Song , Hanwen Su , Jiyan Wang

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for ensuring the reliability of deep learning models in real-world applications. Existing methods typically focus on feature representations or output-space analysis, often assuming a…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-09-18 Mostafa ElAraby , Sabyasachi Sahoo , Yann Pequignot , Paul Novello , Liam Paull

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential for deploying deep learning models reliably, yet no single method performs consistently across architectures and datasets -- a scorer that leads on one benchmark often falters on another. We…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-03-20 Jin Mo Yang , Hyung-Sin Kim , Saewoong Bahk

Convolutional neural networks applied for real-world classification tasks need to recognize inputs that are far or out-of-distribution (OoD) with respect to the known or training data. To achieve this, many methods estimate…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-10-18 Kamil Szyc , Tomasz Walkowiak , Henryk Maciejewski

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) data is essential for safe deployment of deep neural networks (DNNs). This problem becomes particularly challenging in the presence of long-tailed in-distribution (ID) datasets, often leading to high…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-11-25 Nimeshika Udayangani , Hadi M. Dolatabadi , Sarah Erfani , Christopher Leckie

Ensuring reliability is paramount in deep learning, particularly within the domain of medical imaging, where diagnostic decisions often hinge on model outputs. The capacity to separate out-of-distribution (OOD) samples has proven to be a…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-09-25 Anju Chhetri , Jari Korhonen , Prashnna Gyawali , Binod Bhattarai

Detecting deepfakes has become a critical challenge in Computer Vision and Artificial Intelligence. Despite significant progress in detection techniques, generalizing them to open-set scenarios continues to be a persistent difficulty.…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-06-04 Luca Maiano , Fabrizio Casadei , Irene Amerini

Reliable use of deep neural networks (DNNs) for medical image analysis requires methods to identify inputs that differ significantly from the training data, called out-of-distribution (OOD), to prevent erroneous predictions. OOD detection…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-09-02 Harry Anthony , Konstantinos Kamnitsas

Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection is a crucial problem for the safe deployment of machine learning models identifying samples that fall outside of the training distribution, i.e. in-distribution data (ID). Most OOD works focus on the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-10-04 Soroush Seifi , Daniel Olmeda Reino , Nikolay Chumerin , Rahaf Aljundi

The task of out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for deploying machine learning models in real-world settings. In this paper, we observe that the singular value distributions of the in-distribution (ID) and OOD features are quite…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-09-20 Yue Song , Nicu Sebe , Wei Wang

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a critical issue for the stable and reliable operation of systems using a deep neural network (DNN). Although many OOD detection methods have been proposed, it remains unclear how the differences…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-30 Kazuki Uematsu , Kosuke Haruki , Taiji Suzuki , Mitsuhiro Kimura , Takahiro Takimoto , Hideyuki Nakagawa

Multimodal fusion, leveraging data like vision and language, is rapidly gaining traction. This enriched data representation improves performance across various tasks. Existing methods for out-of-distribution (OOD) detection, a critical area…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-08-29 Jinglun Li , Xinyu Zhou , Kaixun Jiang , Lingyi Hong , Pinxue Guo , Zhaoyu Chen , Weifeng Ge , Wenqiang Zhang

A neural network trained on a classification dataset often exhibits a higher vector norm of hidden layer features for in-distribution (ID) samples, while producing relatively lower norm values on unseen instances from out-of-distribution…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-10-10 Jaewoo Park , Jacky Chen Long Chai , Jaeho Yoon , Andrew Beng Jin Teoh

Accurate and explainable out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is required to use machine learning systems safely. Previous work has shown that feature distance to decision boundaries can be used to identify OOD data effectively. In this…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-15 Maria Stoica , Francesco Leofante , Alessio Lomuscio