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Transformers are state-of-the-art models for a variety of sequence modeling tasks. At their core is an attention function which models pairwise interactions between the inputs at every timestep. While attention is powerful, it does not…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-03-23 Hao Peng , Nikolaos Pappas , Dani Yogatama , Roy Schwartz , Noah A. Smith , Lingpeng Kong

The Transformer architecture has significantly advanced natural language processing (NLP) and has been foundational in developing large language models (LLMs) such as LLaMA and OPT, which have come to dominate a broad range of NLP tasks.…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-03-27 Youpeng Zhao , Di Wu , Jun Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) can perform many NLP tasks well, but fully fine-tuning them is expensive and requires a lot of memory. Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods such as LoRA reduce this cost by adding small low-rank…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-19 Anshul Kumar , Gagan Raj Gupta , Manisha Chawla

With the increasing volumes of Large Language Models (LLMs) and the expanding context lengths, attention computation has become a key performance bottleneck in LLM serving. For fast attention computation, recent practices often parallelize…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2026-03-12 Di Liu , Yifei Liu , Chen Chen , Zhibin Yu , Xiaoyi Fan , Quan Chen , Minyi Guo

Diffusion Transformers (DiT) have become the de-facto model for generating high-quality visual content like videos and images. A huge bottleneck is the attention mechanism where complexity scales quadratically with resolution and video…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-10-30 Ruichen Chen , Keith G. Mills , Liyao Jiang , Chao Gao , Di Niu

The self-attention mechanism distinguishes transformer-based large language models (LLMs) apart from convolutional and recurrent neural networks. Despite the performance improvement, achieving real-time LLM inference on silicon remains…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2024-11-18 Shiwei Liu , Guanchen Tao , Yifei Zou , Derek Chow , Zichen Fan , Kauna Lei , Bangfei Pan , Dennis Sylvester , Gregory Kielian , Mehdi Saligane

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a wide array of text-centric tasks. However, their `large' scale introduces significant computational and storage challenges, particularly in…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-07-03 Chaoran Zhang , Lixin Zou , Dan Luo , Min Tang , Xiangyang Luo , Zihao Li , Chenliang Li

Since the introduction of the Transformer architecture for large language models, the softmax-based attention layer has faced increasing scrutinity due to its quadratic-time computational complexity. Attempts have been made to replace it…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-02 Robert Forchheimer

The evolution of Vision Transformers has led to their widespread adaptation to different domains. Despite large-scale success, there remain significant challenges including their reliance on extensive computational and memory resources for…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-06-24 Suyash Gaurav , Muhammad Farhan Humayun , Jukka Heikkonen , Jatin Chaudhary

Transformers, composed of QKV generation, attention computation, and FFNs, have become the dominant model across various domains due to their outstanding performance. However, their high computational cost hinders efficient hardware…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-05 Hongxiang Liu , Zhifang Deng , Tong Pu , Shengli Lu

The quadratic computational cost of the self-attention mechanism is a primary challenge in scaling Transformer models. While attention sparsity is widely studied as a technique to improve computational efficiency, it is almost universally…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-11 Sagar Gandhi , Vishal Gandhi

The quadratic complexity of self-attention in Transformer models remains a significant bottleneck for processing long sequences and deploying large language models efficiently. For this approach, there has been significant research into…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Spandan Pratyush

Transformers allow attention between all pairs of tokens, but there is reason to believe that most of these connections - and their quadratic time and memory - may not be necessary. But which ones? We evaluate the impact of sparsification…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-10-11 Siddhartha Brahma , Polina Zablotskaia , David Mimno

As large language models scale to longer contexts, loading the growing KV cache during attention computation becomes a critical bottleneck. Previous work has shown that attention computation is dominated by a small subset of tokens. This…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2026-05-13 Di Liu , Ruitian Wang , Chen Chen , Mingliang Gong , Yongjie Yuan , Han Zhao , Yu Feng , Quan Chen , Minyi Guo

Attention is a key part of the transformer architecture. It is a sequence-to-sequence mapping that transforms each sequence element into a weighted sum of values. The weights are typically obtained as the softmax of dot products between…

Recent progress in transformer-based architectures has demonstrated remarkable success in video generation tasks. However, the quadratic complexity of full attention mechanisms remains a critical bottleneck, particularly for high-resolution…

Transformers have improved the state-of-the-art across numerous tasks in sequence modeling. Besides the quadratic computational and memory complexity w.r.t the sequence length, the self-attention mechanism only processes information at the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-08-12 Yao Zhang , Yunpu Ma , Thomas Seidl , Volker Tresp

Attention is a core operation in numerous machine learning and artificial intelligence models. This work focuses on the acceleration of attention kernel using FlashAttention algorithm, in vector processors, particularly those based on the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-09 Vasileios Titopoulos , Kosmas Alexandridis , Giorgos Dimitrakopoulos

Transformer are widely used in various fields such as natural language processing and computer vision. However, the training time for large Transformer models can be challenging due to the Multi-Head Attention (MHA) mechanism. Especially as…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-08-22 Youxuan Xu , Tong Wu , Shigang Li , Xueying Wang , Jingjing Wang

Sparsifying the Transformer has garnered considerable interest, as training the Transformer is very computationally demanding. Prior efforts to sparsify the Transformer have either used a fixed pattern or data-driven approach to reduce the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-09-25 Bokyeong Yoon , Yoonsang Han , Gordon Euhyun Moon