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Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULX) are off-nuclear point sources in nearby galaxies whose X-ray luminosity exceeds the theoretical maximum for spherical infall (the Eddington limit) onto stellar-mass black holes. Their luminosity ranges from…

The X-ray spectral and timing properties of ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) have many similarities with the very high state of stellar-mass black holes (power-law dominated, at accretion rates greater than the Eddington rate). On the…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-06-23 Robert Soria

We present global radiation GRMHD simulations of strongly magnetized accretion onto a spinning, stellar mass black hole at sub-Eddington rates. Using a frequency-dependent Monte Carlo procedure for Compton scattering, we self-consistently…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2021-10-04 Jason Dexter , Nicolas Scepi , Mitchell C. Begelman

We describe results from a new technique for the prediction of complete, self-consistent X-ray spectra from three-dimensional General Relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations of black hole accretion flows. Density and cooling…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2018-11-01 Brooks E. Kinch , Jeremy D. Schnittman , Timothy R. Kallman , Julian H. Krolik

We review the available estimates of the masses of the compact object in Ultraluminous X-ray Sources (ULXs) and critically reconsider the stellar-mass versus intermediate-mass black hole interpretations. Black holes of several hundreds to…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2015-05-14 L. Zampieri , T. P. Roberts

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) exceed the Eddington luminosity for a $\approx 10M_\odot$ black hole. The recent detection of black hole mergers by the gravitational wave detector ALIGO indicates that black holes with masses $> 10…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2017-11-08 Justin D. Finke , Soebur Razzaque

Ultra-Luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are accreting black holes for which their X-ray properties have been seen to be different to the case of stellar-mass black hole binaries. For most of the cases their intrinsic energy spectra are well…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2017-05-23 M. D. Caballero-Garcia , M. Bursa , M. Dovciak , S. Fabrika , A. J. Castro-Tirado , V. Karas

The radiation spectra of many of the brightest ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are dominated by a hard power law component, likely powered by a hot, optically thin corona that Comptonizes soft seed photons emitted from a cool, optically…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2008-11-26 Aristotle Socrates , Shane W. Davis

I suggest that there are two classes of ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs), corresponding to super-Eddington mass inflow in two situations: (a) thermal-timescale mass transfer in high-mass X-ray binaries, and (b) long-lasting transient…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-07 A. R. King

We present some results from an archival VLA study of ultraluminous X-ray source s (ULXs). These unresolved non-nuclear X-ray sources have luminosities (L_X >= 1 0^39 ergs/sec) which may require somewhat exotic explanations, such as…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2007-05-23 Neal A. Miller , Susan G. Neff , Richard F. Mushotzky

It has long been thought that black hole accretion flows are driven by magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence, and there are now many general relativistic global simulations illustrating the dynamics of this process. However, many challenges…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2026-03-11 Chris Nagele , Julian H. Krolik , Rongrong Liu , Brooks E. Kinch , Jeremy D. Schnittman

We present the results from an X-ray and optical study of a new sample of eight extreme luminosity ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) candidates, which were selected as the brightest ULXs (with L_X > 5x10^40 erg/s) located within 100 Mpc…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2015-06-04 Andrew D. Sutton , Timothy P. Roberts , Dominic J. Walton , Jeanette C. Gladstone , Amy E. Scott

We consider ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) where the accretor is a neutron star rather than a black hole. We show that the recently-discovered example (M82 X-2) fits naturally into the simple picture of ULXs as beamed X-ray sources fed…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2016-02-17 Andrew King , Jean-Pierre Lasota

There are two proposed explanations for ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) with luminosities in excess of $10^{39}$ erg s$^{-1}$. They could be intermediate-mass black holes (more than 100-1,000, solar masses, $M_\odot$) radiating at…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2013-12-03 Jifeng Liu , Joel N. Bregman , Yu Bai , Stephen Justham , Paul Crowther

We perform radiative magnetohydrodynamics simulations in general relativity (GRRMHD) of super-Eddington disk accretion onto neutron stars endowed with a magnetic dipole corresponding to surface strengths not exceeding 100 GigaGauss.…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2025-03-28 Fatemeh Kayanikhoo , Włodek Kluźniak , Miljenko Čemeljić

X-ray binaries (XRBs) display spectral state transitions that are accompanied by substantial changes in the hardness, luminosity, and structure of the accretion flow. We developed a GPU-accelerated cooling toolkit for general relativistic…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2025-05-15 Pedro Naethe Motta , Jonatan Jacquemin-Ide , Rodrigo Nemmen , Matthew T. P. Liska , Alexander Tchekhovskoy

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are point-like sources that exhibit apparent X-ray luminosities exceeding the Eddington limit for stellar-mass compact objects. A widely accepted interpretation is that these systems are X-ray binaries…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2026-01-21 Lucas M. Pasquevich , Gustavo E. Romero , Matías M. Reynoso

Ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are off-nuclear point sources in nearby galaxies with luminosities well exceeding the Eddington limit for stellar-mass objects. It has been recognized after the discovery of pulsating ULXs (PULXs) that a…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2020-01-22 M. Hakan Erkut , K. Yavuz Ekşi

We investigate numerically the energy flow and radiation efficiency of accreting neutron stars as potential ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs). We perform ten simulations {in radiative general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (GRRMHD)},…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2026-01-15 Fatemeh Kayanikhoo , Włodek Kluźniak , David Abarca , Miljenko Cemeljic

Although we are nearing a consensus that most ULXs are stellar-mass black holes in a super-Eddington state, little is yet established of the physics of this accretion mode. Here, we use a combined X-ray spectral and timing analysis of a…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2015-06-16 Andrew D. Sutton , Timothy P. Roberts , Matthew J. Middleton