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The extreme extragalactic sources known as Ultraluminous X-ray Sources (ULX) represent a unique testing environment for compact objects population studies and the accretion process. Their nature has long been disputed. Their luminosity,…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2016-04-18 Matteo Bachetti

The discovery of pulsations in several Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) demonstrated that a fraction of ULXs are powered by super-Eddington accretion onto neutron stars (NSs). This opened the debate as to what is the NS to black hole (BH)…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2021-05-26 Andrés Gúrpide , Olivier Godet , Filippos Koliopanos , Natalie Webb , Jean-François Olive

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are X-ray binary systems containing an accreting neutron star (NS) or black hole emitting at luminosities above the Eddington limit of a $10M_{\odot}$ black hole. Approximately 1900 (either confirmed or…

We summarize indirect empirical arguments used for estimating black hole (BH) masses in ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs). The interpretation of the X-ray data is still too model-dependent to provide tight constraints, but masses <~ 100…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-13 Roberto Soria , Zdenka Kuncic

We run two GRRMHD simulations of super-Eddington accretion disks around a black hole and a non-magnetized, non-rotating neutron star. The neutron star was modeled using a reflective inner boundary condition. We observe the formation of a…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2018-07-04 David Abarca , Włodek Kluźniak , Aleksander Sądowski

The origin and nature of Ultra-Luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) is a contentious and controversial topic. There are ongoing debates about the masses of the objects responsible, their sources of mass for accretion, and their relation to stellar…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-10 Julian H. Krolik

Ultra-Luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are accreting black holes for which their X-ray properties have been seen to be different to the case of stellar-mass black hole binaries. For most of the cases their intrinsic energy spectra are well…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2018-03-09 M. D. Caballero-Garcia , S. Fabrika , A. J. Castro-Tirado , M. Bursa , M. Dovciak , A. Castellon , V. Karas

Ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are off-nuclear X-ray sources in nearby galaxies with X-ray luminosities $\geq$ 10$^{39}$ erg s$^{-1}$. The measurement of the black hole (BH) masses of ULXs is a long-standing problem. Here we estimate…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2015-06-23 Xin-Lin Zhou

To test the idea that ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) in external galaxies represent a class of accreting intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs), we have undertaken a program to identify ULXs and a lower luminosity X-ray comparison sample…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-13 C. T. Berghea , K. A. Weaver , E. J. M. Colbert , T. P. Roberts

A fraction of the Ultra Luminous X-ray (ULX) sources are known to be accreting neutron stars as they show coherent X-ray pulsations with pulse periods ranging from ~1-30 seconds. While initially thought to host intermediate-mass black…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2025-07-22 Manish Kumar , Rahul Sharma , Biswajit Paul , Vikram Rana

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are a population of extragalactic objects whose luminosity exceeds the Eddington limit for a 10 Msun black hole (BH). Their properties have been widely interpreted in terms of accreting stellar-mass or…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2017-02-22 F. Pintore , L. Zampieri , L. Stella , A. Wolter , S. Mereghetti , G. L. Israel

Ultra-luminous Compact X-ray Sources (ULXs) in nearby spiral galaxies and Galactic superluminal jet sources share the common spectral characteristic that they have unusually high disk temperatures which cannot be explained in the framework…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-10 Ken Ebisawa , Piotr Zycki , Aya Kubota , Tsunefumi Mizuno , Ken-ya Watarai

A puzzling class of exotic objects, which have been known about for more than 30 years, is reaching a new era of understanding. We have discovered hundreds of Ultra Luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) - non-nuclear sources with X-ray luminosity…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2014-12-19 Anna Wolter , Anthony P. Rushton , Mar Mezcua , David Cseh , Fabio Pintore , Isabella Prandoni , Zsolt Paragi , Luca Zampieri

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) were an enigma since their discovery. ASCA showed that they are accreting black holes (BHs) with unknown mass, while Chandra & XMM data shows that the many of the lower luminosity ULXs can be explained by…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2013-07-01 Jeanette C. Gladstone

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are bright extragalactic sources with X-ray luminosities above 10^39 erg/s powered by accretion onto compact objects. According to the first studies performed with XMM-Newton ULXs seemed to be excellent…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2017-05-10 Ciro Pinto , Andrew Fabian , Matthew Middleton , Dom Walton

Using high-resolution general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations, we investigate accretion flows around spinning black holes and identify three distinct accretion states. Our results suggest the origin of the complex…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2026-02-25 Rohan Raha , Banibrata Mukhopadhyay , Koushik Chatterjee

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) represent the closest and most accessible laboratories to study sustained super-Eddington accretion onto compact objects. Over the past decade, the discoveries of coherent pulsations in a few ULXs has…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2025-12-24 R. Amato , M. Bachetti , R. Soria , A. Gúrpide , M. Imbrogno , C. Salvaggio , R. Salvaterra , M. Del Santo , S. Scaringi , P. Casella , A. Wolter

We present optically thin solutions for magnetized, advective disc-outflow symbiosis around black holes (BHs). The main objective is to explain the bright, hard state observations of accreting systems with stellar-mass to supermassive BHs.…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2020-05-13 Tushar Mondal , Banibrata Mukhopadhyay

We model the structure and evolution of black hole accretion disks, and their neighboring regions, using numerical simulations. The numerics is governed by the equations of general relativistic magneto-hydrodynamics (GRMHD). In particular,…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2018-06-25 Agnieszka Janiuk , Kostas Sapountzis , Jeremy Mortier , Ireneusz Janiuk

Many upcoming surveys, particularly in the radio and optical domains, are designed to probe either the temporal and/or the spatial variability of a range of astronomical objects. In the light of these high resolution surveys, we review the…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2015-06-18 Natalie Webb , David Cseh , Franz Kirsten