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High-quality training data has proven crucial for developing performant large language models (LLMs). However, commercial LLM providers disclose few, if any, details about the data used for training. This lack of transparency creates…

Federated large language models (FedLLMs) enable cross-silo collaborative training among institutions while preserving data locality, making them appealing for privacy-sensitive domains such as law, finance, and healthcare. However, the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-26 Yingqi Hu , Zhuo Zhang , Jingyuan Zhang , Jinghua Wang , Qifan Wang , Lizhen Qu , Zenglin Xu

Pre-trained language models for code (PLMCs) have gained attention in recent research. These models are pre-trained on large-scale datasets using multi-modal objectives. However, fine-tuning them requires extensive supervision and is…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-05-11 Hung Quoc To , Nghi D. Q. Bui , Jin Guo , Tien N. Nguyen

Large language models (LLMs) have been proven capable of memorizing their training data, which can be extracted through specifically designed prompts. As the scale of datasets continues to grow, privacy risks arising from memorization have…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-11-07 Zhenhong Zhou , Jiuyang Xiang , Chaomeng Chen , Sen Su

Fine-tuning is a common and effective method for tailoring large language models (LLMs) to specialized tasks and applications. In this paper, we study the privacy implications of fine-tuning LLMs on user data. To this end, we consider a…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-02-27 Nikhil Kandpal , Krishna Pillutla , Alina Oprea , Peter Kairouz , Christopher A. Choquette-Choo , Zheng Xu

Recent research demonstrates the effectiveness of using fine-tuned language models~(LM) for dense retrieval. However, dense retrievers are hard to train, typically requiring heavily engineered fine-tuning pipelines to realize their full…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2021-08-13 Luyu Gao , Jamie Callan

Despite the increase in popularity of language models for code generation, it is still unknown how training on bimodal coding forums affects a model's code generation performance and reliability. We, therefore, collect a dataset of over…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-11-16 Gabriel Orlanski , Seonhye Yang , Michael Healy

Large language models (LLMs) may exhibit unintended or undesirable behaviors. Recent works have concentrated on aligning LLMs to mitigate harmful outputs. Despite these efforts, some anomalies indicate that even a well-conducted alignment…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-24 Jiaming Ji , Kaile Wang , Tianyi Qiu , Boyuan Chen , Jiayi Zhou , Changye Li , Hantao Lou , Juntao Dai , Yunhuai Liu , Yaodong Yang

Dominant pre-trained language models (PLMs) have demonstrated the potential risk of memorizing and outputting the training data. While this concern has been discussed mainly in English, it is also practically important to focus on…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-08-16 Shotaro Ishihara , Hiromu Takahashi

The pruning objective has recently extended beyond accuracy and sparsity to robustness in language models. Despite this, existing methods struggle to enhance robustness against adversarial attacks when continually increasing model sparsity…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-01-12 Jianwei Li , Qi Lei , Wei Cheng , Dongkuan Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are being used more and more for various coding tasks, including to help coders identify bugs and are a promising avenue to support coders in various tasks including vulnerability detection -- particularly given…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-05-27 Ignacio Mariano Andreozzi Pofcher , Joshua Ellul

Code language models have emerged as useful tools for various programming tasks, yet they often struggle when it comes to complex ones. In this paper, we explore the potential of curriculum learning in enhancing the performance of these…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-07-16 Marwa Naïr , Kamel Yamani , Lynda Said Lhadj , Riyadh Baghdadi

Large language models (LLMs) suffer from forgetting of upstream knowledge when fine-tuned. Despite efforts on mitigating forgetting, few have investigated how forgotten upstream examples are dependent on newly learned tasks. Insights on…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-09 Xisen Jin , Xiang Ren

Large language models often fail to satisfy formatting instructions when they must simultaneously perform demanding tasks. We study this behaviour through a prospective memory inspired lens from cognitive psychology, using a controlled…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-26 Avni Mittal

Language models are prone to memorizing their training data, making them vulnerable to extraction attacks. While existing research often examines isolated setups, such as a single model or a fixed prompt, real-world adversaries have a…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-08-11 Yash More , Prakhar Ganesh , Golnoosh Farnadi

Large volumes of text data have contributed significantly to the development of large language models (LLMs) in recent years. This data is typically acquired by scraping the internet, leading to pretraining datasets comprised of noisy web…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-09-12 Max Marion , Ahmet Üstün , Luiza Pozzobon , Alex Wang , Marzieh Fadaee , Sara Hooker

Despite their wide adoption, the underlying training and memorization dynamics of very large language models is not well understood. We empirically study exact memorization in causal and masked language modeling, across model sizes and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-11-04 Kushal Tirumala , Aram H. Markosyan , Luke Zettlemoyer , Armen Aghajanyan

To effectively deploy Large Language Models (LLMs) in application-specific settings, fine-tuning techniques are applied to enhance performance on specialized tasks. This process often involves fine-tuning on user data data, which may…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-04-02 Ryan Marinelli , Magnus Eckhoff

Multilingual programming, which involves using multiple programming languages (PLs) in a single project, is increasingly common due to its benefits. However, it introduces cross-language bugs (CLBs), which arise from interactions between…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-04-22 Zengyang Li , Yimeng Li , Binbin Huang , Peng Liang , Ran Mo , Hui Liu , Yutao Ma

Training data leakage from Large Language Models (LLMs) raises serious concerns related to privacy, security, and copyright compliance. A central challenge in assessing this risk is distinguishing genuine memorization of training data from…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-24 Trishita Tiwari , Ari Trachtenberg , G. Edward Suh