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Large language models~(LLMs) are expected to be helpful, harmless, and honest. In different alignment scenarios, such as safety, confidence, and general preference alignment, binary preference data collection and reward modeling are…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-14 Shuai Zhao , Yunqiu Xu , Linchao Zhu , Yi Yang

Despite the significant progress made by existing retrieval augmented language models (RALMs) in providing trustworthy responses and grounding in reliable sources, they often overlook effective alignment with human preferences. In the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-19 Zhuoran Jin , Hongbang Yuan , Tianyi Men , Pengfei Cao , Yubo Chen , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit impressive capabilities but require careful alignment with human preferences. Traditional training-time methods finetune LLMs using human preference datasets but incur significant training costs and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-16 Yuancheng Xu , Udari Madhushani Sehwag , Alec Koppel , Sicheng Zhu , Bang An , Furong Huang , Sumitra Ganesh

Current research on long-form context in Large Language Models (LLMs) primarily focuses on the understanding of long-contexts, the Open-ended Long Text Generation (Open-LTG) remains insufficiently explored. Training a long-context…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-23 Zhihan Guo , Jiele Wu , Wenqian Cui , Yifei Zhang , Minda Hu , Yufei Wang , Irwin King

Reward models (RMs) have become essential for aligning large language models (LLMs), serving as scalable proxies for human evaluation in both training and inference. However, existing RMs struggle on knowledge-intensive and long-form tasks,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-30 Ziyou Hu , Zhengliang Shi , Minghang Zhu , Haitao Li , Teng Sun , Pengjie Ren , Suzan Verberne , Zhaochun Ren

The paradigm shift from item-centric ranking to answer-centric synthesis is redefining the role of search engines. While recent industrial progress has applied generative techniques to closed-set item ranking in e-commerce, research and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-12 Wei Wu , Peilun Zhou , Liyi Chen , Qimeng Wang , Chengqiang Lu , Yan Gao , Yi Wu , Yao Hu , Hui Xiong

Preference learning is critical for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values, with the quality of preference datasets playing a crucial role in this process. While existing metrics primarily assess data quality based on…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-05 Kexin Huang , Junkang Wu , Ziqian Chen , Xue Wang , Jinyang Gao , Bolin Ding , Jiancan Wu , Xiangnan He , Xiang Wang

Existing works increasingly adopt memory-centric mechanisms to process long contexts in a segment manner, and effective memory management is one of the key capabilities that enables large language models to effectively propagate information…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-27 Zecheng Tang , Baibei Ji , Ruoxi Sun , Haitian Wang , WangJie You , Zhang Yijun , Wenpeng Zhu , Ji Qi , Juntao Li , Min Zhang

Reward model (RM) plays a pivotal role in aligning large language model (LLM) with human preferences. As real-world applications increasingly involve long history trajectories, e.g., LLM agent, it becomes indispensable to evaluate whether a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-05 Zecheng Tang , Baibei Ji , Quantong Qiu , Haitian Wang , Xiaobo Liang , Juntao Li , Min Zhang

Alignment plays a crucial role in Large Language Models (LLMs) in aligning with human preferences on a specific task/domain. Traditional alignment methods suffer from catastrophic forgetting, where models lose previously acquired knowledge…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-09 Junsong Li , Jie Zhou , Bihao Zhan , Yutao Yang , Qianjun Pan , Shilian Chen , Tianyu Huai , Xin Li , Qin Chen , Liang He

Large pretrained models are showing increasingly better performance in reasoning and planning tasks across different modalities, opening the possibility to leverage them for complex sequential decision making problems. In this paper, we…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-10-10 Martin Klissarov , Devon Hjelm , Alexander Toshev , Bogdan Mazoure

The widespread adoption of reinforcement learning-based alignment highlights the growing importance of reward models. Various benchmarks have been built to evaluate reward models in various domains and scenarios. However, a significant gap…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-16 Hui Huang , Yancheng He , Wei Liu , Muyun Yang , Jiaheng Liu , Kehai Chen , Bing Xu , Conghui Zhu , Hailong Cao , Tiejun Zhao

Preference alignment in Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly improved their ability to adhere to human instructions and intentions. However, existing direct alignment algorithms primarily focus on relative preferences and often…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-13 Shenao Zhang , Zhihan Liu , Boyi Liu , Yufeng Zhang , Yingxiang Yang , Yongfei Liu , Liyu Chen , Tao Sun , Zhaoran Wang

In aligning large language models (LLMs), reward models have played an important role, but are standardly trained as discriminative models and rely only on labeled human preference data. In this paper, we explore methods that train reward…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-27 Chenglong Wang , Yang Gan , Yifu Huo , Yongyu Mu , Qiaozhi He , Murun Yang , Bei Li , Tong Xiao , Chunliang Zhang , Tongran Liu , Jingbo Zhu

Although large language models (LLMs) have become more capable and accurate across many tasks, some fundamental sources of unreliability remain in their behavior. One key limitation is their inconsistency at reporting the same information…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-03 Juan Diego Rodriguez , Wenxuan Ding , Katrin Erk , Greg Durrett

Pluralistic alignment has emerged as a critical frontier in the development of Large Language Models (LLMs), with reward models (RMs) serving as a central mechanism for capturing diverse human values. While benchmarks for general response…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-09 Qiyao Ma , Dechen Gao , Rui Cai , Boqi Zhao , Hanchu Zhou , Junshan Zhang , Zhe Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated great potential as evaluators of NLG systems, allowing for high-quality, reference-free, and multi-aspect assessments. However, existing LLM-based metrics suffer from two major drawbacks:…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-19 Ivan Kartáč , Mateusz Lango , Ondřej Dušek

Reward design plays a pivotal role in aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values, serving as the bridge between feedback signals and model optimization. This survey provides a structured organization of reward modeling and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-03 Miaomiao Ji , Yanqiu Wu , Zhibin Wu , Shoujin Wang , Jian Yang , Mark Dras , Usman Naseem

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit advanced reasoning ability, conventional alignment remains largely dominated by outcome reward models (ORMs) that judge only final answers. Process Reward Models(PRMs) address this gap by…

Recent studies increasingly explore Large Language Models (LLMs) as a new paradigm for recommendation systems due to their scalability and world knowledge. However, existing work has three key limitations: (1) most efforts focus on…

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