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Real economies can be modeled as a sequential imperfect-information game with many heterogeneous agents, such as consumers, firms, and governments. Dynamic general equilibrium (DGE) models are often used for macroeconomic analysis in this…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2022-02-25 Michael Curry , Alexander Trott , Soham Phade , Yu Bai , Stephan Zheng

We present a new combined \textit{mean field control game} (MFCG) problem which can be interpreted as a competitive game between collaborating groups and its solution as a Nash equilibrium between groups. Players coordinate their strategies…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2023-02-16 Andrea Angiuli , Nils Detering , Jean-Pierre Fouque , Mathieu Lauriere , Jimin Lin

We address in this paper Reinforcement Learning (RL) among agents that are grouped into teams such that there is cooperation within each team but general-sum (non-zero sum) competition across different teams. To develop an RL method that…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-11 Muhammad Aneeq uz Zaman , Alec Koppel , Mathieu Laurière , Tamer Başar

Designing suitable reward functions for numerous interacting intelligent agents is challenging in real-world applications. Inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) in mean field games (MFGs) offers a practical framework to infer reward…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-05 Yang Chen , Xiao Lin , Bo Yan , Libo Zhang , Jiamou Liu , Neset Özkan Tan , Michael Witbrock

Mean Field Control (MFC) is a powerful approximation tool to solve large-scale Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) problems. However, the success of MFC relies on the presumption that given the local states and actions of all the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-05-30 Washim Uddin Mondal , Vaneet Aggarwal , Satish V. Ukkusuri

We present a method enabling a large number of agents to learn how to flock, which is a natural behavior observed in large populations of animals. This problem has drawn a lot of interest but requires many structural assumptions and is…

多智能体系统 · 计算机科学 2021-05-18 Sarah Perrin , Mathieu Laurière , Julien Pérolat , Matthieu Geist , Romuald Élie , Olivier Pietquin

Mean field games (MFGs) offer a powerful framework for modeling large-scale multi-agent systems. This paper addresses MFGs formulated in continuous time with discrete state spaces, where agents' dynamics are governed by continuous-time…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2026-02-27 Yannick Eich , Christian Fabian , Kai Cui , Heinz Koeppl

The capability to learn and adapt to changes in the driving environment is crucial for developing autonomous driving systems that are scalable beyond geo-fenced operational design domains. Deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) provides a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-11-12 Praveen Palanisamy

Scalability remains a challenge in multi-agent reinforcement learning and is currently under active research. A framework named mean-field reinforcement learning (MFRL) could alleviate the scalability problem by employing the Mean Field…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-02-21 Hao Ma , Zhiqiang Pu , Yi Pan , Boyin Liu , Junlong Gao , Zhenyu Guo

Mean-field reinforcement learning has become a popular theoretical framework for efficiently approximating large-scale multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) problems exhibiting symmetry. However, questions remain regarding the…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2024-02-09 Batuhan Yardim , Artur Goldman , Niao He

Learning by experience in Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) is a difficult and exciting task, due to the lack of stationarity of the environment, whose dynamics evolves as the population learns. In order to design scalable algorithms for systems…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2020-02-24 Romuald Elie , Julien Pérolat , Mathieu Laurière , Matthieu Geist , Olivier Pietquin

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) remains difficult to scale to many agents. Recent MARL using Mean Field Control (MFC) provides a tractable and rigorous approach to otherwise difficult cooperative MARL. However, the strict MFC…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-05-09 Kai Cui , Christian Fabian , Anam Tahir , Heinz Koeppl

The intersection of Mean Field Games (MFGs) and Reinforcement Learning (RL) has fostered a growing family of algorithms designed to solve large-scale multi-agent systems. However, the field currently lacks a standardized evaluation…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-16 Lorenzo Magnino , Jiacheng Shen , Matthieu Geist , Olivier Pietquin , Mathieu Laurière

Multi-agent deep reinforcement learning makes optimal decisions dependent on system states observed by agents, but any uncertainty on the observations may mislead agents to take wrong actions. The Mean-Field Actor-Critic reinforcement…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-06-01 Ziyuan Zhou , Guanjun Liu

Mean field games (MFG) and mean field control (MFC) are critical classes of multi-agent models for efficient analysis of massive populations of interacting agents. Their areas of application span topics in economics, finance, game theory,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-06-08 Lars Ruthotto , Stanley Osher , Wuchen Li , Levon Nurbekyan , Samy Wu Fung

Existing multi-agent reinforcement learning methods are limited typically to a small number of agents. When the agent number increases largely, the learning becomes intractable due to the curse of the dimensionality and the exponential…

多智能体系统 · 计算机科学 2020-12-16 Yaodong Yang , Rui Luo , Minne Li , Ming Zhou , Weinan Zhang , Jun Wang

This paper explores the use of Maximum Causal Entropy Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) within the context of discrete-time stationary Mean-Field Games (MFGs) characterized by finite state spaces and an infinite-horizon,…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-07-22 Berkay Anahtarci , Can Deha Kariksiz , Naci Saldi

We propose a new model, independent linear Markov game, for multi-agent reinforcement learning with a large state space and a large number of agents. This is a class of Markov games with independent linear function approximation, where each…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-06-23 Qiwen Cui , Kaiqing Zhang , Simon S. Du

While the topic of mean-field games (MFGs) has a relatively long history, heretofore there has been limited work concerning algorithms for the computation of equilibrium control policies. In this paper, we develop a computable policy…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2020-04-07 Muhammad Aneeq uz Zaman , Kaiqing Zhang , Erik Miehling , Tamer Başar

This paper studies the discrete-time linear-quadratic-Gaussian mean field (MF) social control problem in an infinite horizon, where the dynamics of all agents are unknown. The objective is to design a reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2025-12-05 Hanfang Zhang , Bing-Chang Wang , Shuo Chen