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Safety concerns in large language models (LLMs) have gained significant attention due to their exposure to potentially harmful data during pre-training. In this paper, we identify a new safety vulnerability in LLMs: their susceptibility to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-27 Qibing Ren , Hao Li , Dongrui Liu , Zhanxu Xie , Xiaoya Lu , Yu Qiao , Lei Sha , Junchi Yan , Lizhuang Ma , Jing Shao

Understanding toxicity in user conversations is undoubtedly an important problem. Addressing "covert" or implicit cases of toxicity is particularly hard and requires context. Very few previous studies have analysed the influence of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-10-19 Atijit Anuchitanukul , Julia Ive , Lucia Specia

Safety classifiers are critical in mitigating toxicity on online forums such as social media and in chatbots. Still, they continue to be vulnerable to emergent, and often innumerable, adversarial attacks. Traditional automated adversarial…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-26 Yash Kumar Lal , Preethi Lahoti , Aradhana Sinha , Yao Qin , Ananth Balashankar

The evolution of digital communication systems and the designs of online platforms have inadvertently facilitated the subconscious propagation of toxic behavior. Giving rise to reactive responses to toxic behavior. Toxicity in online…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2025-10-01 Smita Khapre , Melkamu Abay Mersha , Hassan Shakil , Jonali Baruah , Jugal Kalita

Recently, advances in deep learning have been observed in various fields, including computer vision, natural language processing, and cybersecurity. Machine learning (ML) has demonstrated its ability as a potential tool for anomaly…

Detecting toxic content using language models is important but challenging. While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance in understanding Chinese, recent studies show that simple character substitutions in toxic…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-02 Shujian Yang , Shiyao Cui , Chuanrui Hu , Haicheng Wang , Tianwei Zhang , Minlie Huang , Jialiang Lu , Han Qiu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are known to be vulnerable to jailbreak attacks. An important observation is that, while different types of jailbreak attacks can generate significantly different queries, they mostly result in similar responses…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-21 Zhexin Zhang , Junxiao Yang , Yida Lu , Pei Ke , Shiyao Cui , Chujie Zheng , Hongning Wang , Minlie Huang

Content moderation typically combines the efforts of human moderators and machine learning models. However, these systems often rely on data where significant disagreement occurs during moderation, reflecting the subjective nature of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-01 Guillermo Villate-Castillo , Javier Del Ser , Borja Sanz

Jailbreaks have been a central focus of research regarding the safety and reliability of large language models (LLMs), yet the mechanisms underlying these attacks remain poorly understood. While previous studies have predominantly relied on…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-11-04 Nathalie Kirch , Constantin Weisser , Severin Field , Helen Yannakoudakis , Stephen Casper

Jailbreaking attacks on large language models pose a significant threat to AI safety by enabling the generation of harmful or restricted content. While prior work has explored both handcrafted and automated jailbreak strategies, the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-18 Reinelle Jan Bugnot , Soohyeon Choi , Hoon Wei Lim , Yue Duan

Jailbreak attacks cause large language models (LLMs) to generate harmful, unethical, or otherwise objectionable content. Evaluating these attacks presents a number of challenges, which the current collection of benchmarks and evaluation…

Online platforms have become an increasingly prominent means of communication. Despite the obvious benefits to the expanded distribution of content, the last decade has resulted in disturbing toxic communication, such as cyberbullying and…

社会与信息网络 · 计算机科学 2023-09-04 Amit Sheth , Valerie L. Shalin , Ugur Kursuncu

Ensuring the safety and alignment of large language models (LLMs) with human values is crucial for generating responses that are beneficial to humanity. While LLMs have the capability to identify and avoid harmful queries, they remain…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-22 Yihua Zhou , Xiaochuan Shi

Large language models (LLMs) are known to be vulnerable to jailbreak attacks, which typically rely on carefully designed prompts containing explicit semantic structure. These attacks generally operate by fixing an adversarial instruction…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-07 Marco Rando , Samuel Vaiter

Recent advancements in generative AI have enabled ubiquitous access to large language models (LLMs). Empowered by their exceptional capabilities to understand and generate human-like text, these models are being increasingly integrated into…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-10-02 Zhiyuan Yu , Xiaogeng Liu , Shunning Liang , Zach Cameron , Chaowei Xiao , Ning Zhang

The discovery of "jailbreaks" to bypass safety filters of Large Language Models (LLMs) and harmful responses have encouraged the community to implement safety measures. One major safety measure is to proactively test the LLMs with…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-10 Haibo Jin , Ruoxi Chen , Peiyan Zhang , Andy Zhou , Haohan Wang

Text-to-image diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in rapid and high-fidelity personalization, even when provided with only a few user images. However, the effectiveness of personalization techniques has lead to…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-10-06 Naresh Kumar Devulapally , Shruti Agarwal , Tejas Gokhale , Vishnu Suresh Lokhande

Despite extensive safety measures, LLMs are vulnerable to adversarial inputs, or jailbreaks, which can elicit unsafe behaviors. In this work, we introduce bijection learning, a powerful attack algorithm which automatically fuzzes LLMs for…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-13 Brian R. Y. Huang , Maximilian Li , Leonard Tang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance across various tasks, but their security vulnerabilities can be exploited by attackers to generate harmful content, causing adverse impacts across various societal…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-12-17 Fan Yang

Pretrained neural language models (LMs) are prone to generating racist, sexist, or otherwise toxic language which hinders their safe deployment. We investigate the extent to which pretrained LMs can be prompted to generate toxic language,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2020-09-29 Samuel Gehman , Suchin Gururangan , Maarten Sap , Yejin Choi , Noah A. Smith