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We use the TNG50 simulation to explore the possible existence of satellite galaxy sets, with fixed-in-time identities, forming kinematically-persistent planes (KPPs) along cosmic time around 190 MW/M31-like galaxies. This is the first study…

We investigate the physical origin of kinematically persistent planes (KPPs) of satellite galaxies in a sample of 190 Milky Way (MW)/M31-like host-satellite systems drawn from the TNG50 simulation. Building on the identification of 46 early…

The existence and prevalence of planar, co-rotating distributions of satellite galaxies around L* host galaxies in the local universe remains a subject of ongoing debate. Despite numerous observational efforts over the past decade, a…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2026-02-25 Ethan Crosby , Marcel S. Pawlowski , Oliver Müller , Helmut Jerjen

The appearance of highly anisotropic planes of satellites around the Milky Way and other galaxies was long considered a challenge to the standard cosmological model. Some recent simulations have found flattened satellite systems to be…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2026-03-23 Till Sawala

We investigate the spatial distribution of the satellites of isolated host galaxies in the TNG100 simulation. In agreement with a previous, similar analysis of the Illustris-1 simulation, the satellites are typically poor tracers of the…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2022-07-22 Bryanne McDonough , Tereasa Brainerd

Galaxies are observed to be lopsided, meaning that they are more massive and more extended along one direction than the opposite. In this work, we provide a statistical analysis of the lopsided morphology of 1780 isolated satellite galaxies…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2024-01-15 Jinzhi Shen , Xufen Wu , Yirui Zheng , Beibei Guo

We study the formation of planes of dwarf galaxies around Milky Way (MW)-mass haloes in the EAGLE galaxy formation simulation. We focus on satellite systems similar to the one in the MW: spatially thin or with a large fraction of members…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2019-07-08 Shi Shao , Marius Cautun , Carlos S. Frenk

The detection of planar structures within the satellite systems of both the Milky Way (MW) and Andromeda (M31) has been reported as being in stark contradiction to the predictions of the standard cosmological model ($\Lambda$CDM). Given the…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2015-08-10 Marius Cautun , Sownak Bose , Carlos S. Frenk , Qi Guo , Jiaxin Han , Wojciech A. Hellwing , Till Sawala , Wenting Wang

Planes of satellites are observed around many galaxies. However, these observations are still considered a point of tension for the $\Lambda$CDM paradigm. We use the fully hydrodynamical cosmological $\Lambda$CDM state-of-the-art simulation…

We analyse the quenched fractions, gas content, and star formation histories of ~1200 satellite galaxies with $M_* \geq 5 \times 10^6~{\rm M}_\odot$ around 198 Milky Way- (MW) and Andromeda-like (M31) hosts in TNG50, the highest-resolution…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2023-05-18 Christoph Engler , Annalisa Pillepich , Gandhali D. Joshi , Anna Pasquali , Dylan Nelson , Eva K. Grebel

We study the abundance of satellite galaxies around 198 Milky Way- (MW) and M31-like hosts in TNG50, the final instalment in the IllustrisTNG suite of cosmological magnetohydrodynamical simulations. MW/M31-like analogues are defined as…

We study the alignments of satellite galaxies, and their anisotropic distribution, with respect to location and orientation of their host central galaxy in MassiveBlack-II and IllustrisTNG simulations. We find that: the shape of the…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2021-02-03 Ananth Tenneti , Thomas D. Kitching , Benjamin Joachimi , Tiziana Di Matteo

We address the 'plane of satellites problem' by studying planar configurations around two disc galaxies with no late major mergers, formed in zoom-in hydro-simulations. Due to the current lack of good quality kinematic data for M31…

The hydrodynamic cosmological simulation, TNG50, is employed to conduct an analysis of multi-spin galaxies that exhibit ringed structures composed of gas and stars that orbit nearly perpendicular around a host galaxy, known as polar ring…

The IllustrisTNG simulation suite, particularly TNG50, was reported to have generated a notable population of elongated, bar-like structures within galaxies classified as Early-Type Galaxies (ETGs). In this work, we revisit the nature of…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2026-04-10 Hangci Du , Yougang Wang , Junqiang Ge

The Milky Way, the Andromeda galaxy, and Centaurus A host flattened distributions of satellite galaxies which exhibits coherent velocity trends indicative of rotation. Comparably extreme satellite structures are very rare in cosmological…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2019-05-01 Marcel S. Pawlowski , James S. Bullock , Tyler Kelley , Benoit Famaey

We present a detailed characterization of planes of satellites in the Milky Way (MW) and M31 systems. To this end we introduce an extension to the '4-galaxy-normal density plot' method \citep{Pawlowski13}, by which plot over-densities…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2019-08-08 Isabel M. Santos-Santos , Rosa Domínguez-Tenreiro , Marcel S. Pawlowski

We present a new cosmological, magnetohydrodynamical simulation for galaxy formation: TNG50, the third and final installment of the IllustrisTNG project. TNG50 evolves 2x2160^3 dark-matter particles and gas cells in a volume 50 comoving Mpc…

Galactic bars are prominent dynamical structures within disk galaxies whose size, formation time, strength, and pattern speed influence the dynamical evolution of their hosts galaxies. Yet, their formation and evolution in a cosmological…

Satellite galaxies of the Milky Way and of the Andromeda galaxy have been found to preferentially align in significantly flattened planes of satellite galaxies, and available velocity measurements are indicative of a preference of…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2018-03-28 Marcel S. Pawlowski
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