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An outlier is an observation or a data point that is far from rest of the data points in a given dataset or we can be said that an outlier is away from the center of mass of observations. Presence of outliers can skew statistical measures…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-06-17 Amulya Agarwal , Nitin Gupta

LiDAR-based 3D object detection has become an essential part of automated driving due to its ability to localize and classify objects precisely in 3D. However, object detectors face a critical challenge when dealing with unknown foreground…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-04-25 Michael Kösel , Marcel Schreiber , Michael Ulrich , Claudius Gläser , Klaus Dietmayer

The ability to detect unfamiliar or unexpected images is essential for safe deployment of computer vision systems. In the context of classification, the task of detecting images outside of a model's training domain is known as…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-04-03 Galadrielle Humblot-Renaux , Sergio Escalera , Thomas B. Moeslund

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for deploying robust machine learning models, especially in areas where security is critical. However, traditional OOD detection methods often fail to capture complex data distributions from…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-08-22 Armando Zhu , Jiabei Liu , Keqin Li , Shuying Dai , Bo Hong , Peng Zhao , Changsong Wei

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) samples is vital for developing machine learning based models for critical safety systems. Common approaches for OOD detection assume access to some OOD samples during training which may not be available…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-10-19 Koby Bibas , Meir Feder , Tal Hassner

Reliable outlier detection in high-dimensional data is crucial in modern science, yet it remains a challenging task. Traditional methods often break down in these settings due to their reliance on asymptotic behaviors with respect to sample…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2025-11-05 Seong-ho Lee , Yongho Jeon

Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection is crucial when deploying machine learning models in open-world applications. The core challenge in OOD detection is mitigating the model's overconfidence on OOD data. While recent methods using auxiliary…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-12-10 Jiankang Chen , Ling Deng , Zhiyong Gan , Wei-Shi Zheng , Ruixuan Wang

Efficient and effective Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection is essential for the safe deployment of AI systems. Existing feature space methods, while effective, often incur significant computational overhead due to their reliance on…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-06-05 Litian Liu , Yao Qin

The recently introduced odd-one-out anomaly detection task involves identifying the odd-looking instances within a multi-object scene. This problem presents several challenges for modern deep learning models, demanding spatial reasoning…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-09-05 Silvio Chito , Paolo Rabino , Tatiana Tommasi

Deep learning models are increasingly deployed in safety-critical applications, where reliable out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential to ensure robustness. Existing methods predominantly rely on the penultimate-layer activations…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-13 Shreen Gul , Mohamed Elmahallawy , Ardhendu Tripathy , Sanjay Madria

Anomaly detection (AD) is a crucial machine learning task that aims to learn patterns from a set of normal training samples to identify abnormal samples in test data. Most existing AD studies assume that the training and test data are drawn…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-09-06 Tri Cao , Jiawen Zhu , Guansong Pang

Outlier detection (OD) is one of the core challenges in machine learning. Transductive learning, which leverages test data during training, has shown promise in related machine learning tasks, yet remains largely unexplored for modern OD.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-03 Simon Klüttermann , Emmanuel Müller

Out-of-domain (OOD) intent detection aims to examine whether the user's query falls outside the predefined domain of the system, which is crucial for the proper functioning of task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems. Previous methods address…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-03-05 Pei Wang , Keqing He , Yejie Wang , Xiaoshuai Song , Yutao Mou , Jingang Wang , Yunsen Xian , Xunliang Cai , Weiran Xu

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection has recently gained substantial attention due to the importance of identifying out-of-domain samples in reliability and safety. Although OOD detection methods have advanced by a great deal, they are still…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-10-03 Mohammad Azizmalayeri , Arshia Soltani Moakhar , Arman Zarei , Reihaneh Zohrabi , Mohammad Taghi Manzuri , Mohammad Hossein Rohban

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are known to produce incorrect predictions with very high confidence on out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs. This limitation is one of the key challenges in the adoption of deep learning models in high-assurance…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-03-24 Ramneet Kaur , Susmit Jha , Anirban Roy , Oleg Sokolsky , Insup Lee

There have been several efforts in backdoor attacks, but these have primarily focused on the closed-set performance of classifiers (i.e., classification). This has left a gap in addressing the threat to classifiers' open-set performance,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-12-09 ZeinabSadat Taghavi , Hossein Mirzaei

The application of machine learning in safety-critical systems requires a reliable assessment of uncertainty. However, deep neural networks are known to produce highly overconfident predictions on out-of-distribution (OOD) data. Even if…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-10-19 Alexander Meinke , Julian Bitterwolf , Matthias Hein

Outlier detection (also known as anomaly detection or deviation detection) is a process of detecting data points in which their patterns deviate significantly from others. It is common to have outliers in industry applications, which could…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-11-06 Kasra Babaei , ZhiYuan Chen , Tomas Maul

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for developing trustworthy and reliable machine learning systems. Recent advances in training with auxiliary OOD data demonstrate efficacy in enhancing detection capabilities. Nonetheless,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-06 Hengzhuang Li , Teng Zhang

Addressing the Out-of-Distribution (OoD) segmentation task is a prerequisite for perception systems operating in an open-world environment. Large foundational models are frequently used in downstream tasks, however, their potential for OoD…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-09-11 Nazir Nayal , Youssef Shoeb , Fatma Güney