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We present a new probabilistic proof of Otter's asymptotic formula for the number of unlabelled trees with a given number of vertices. We additionally prove a new approximation result, showing that the total variation distance between…

组合数学 · 数学 2026-03-11 Benedikt Stufler

We provide a short combinatorial proof of Cayley's formula by means of a bijective map to an outcome space of an urn-drawing problem. Furthermore we introduce an algebraic structure on the set of labeled trees, which provides a more…

组合数学 · 数学 2011-02-01 Victor N. Ermolaev , Giulio Iacobelli

We study the size of the automorphism group of two different types of random trees: Galton--Watson trees and rooted P\'olya trees. In both cases, we prove that it asymptotically follows a log-normal distribution and provide asymptotic…

概率论 · 数学 2023-03-23 Christoffer Olsson , Stephan Wagner

We introduce an extension of the P\'olya tree approach for constructing distributions on the space of probability measures. By using optional stopping and optional choice of splitting variables, the construction gives rise to random…

统计理论 · 数学 2010-10-05 Wing H. Wong , Li Ma

We determine the limit of the expected value and the variance of the protection number of the root in simply generated trees, in P\'olya trees, and in unlabelled non-plane binary trees, when the number of vertices tends to infinity.…

We define a bivariate polynomial for unlabeled rooted trees and show that the polynomial of an unlabeled rooted tree $T$ is the generating function of a class of subtrees of $T$. We prove that the polynomial is a complete isomorphism…

组合数学 · 数学 2020-02-13 Pengyu Liu

Cayley's formula states that the number of labelled trees on $n$ vertices is $n^{n-2}$, and many of the current proofs involve complex structures or rigorous computation. We present a bijective proof of the formula by providing an…

组合数学 · 数学 2014-09-08 Steven Hao , Andrew He , Ray Li , Scott Wu

We introduce a general method to count unlabeled combinatorial structures and to efficiently generate them at random. The approach is based on pointing unlabeled structures in an "unbiased" way that a structure of size n gives rise to n…

离散数学 · 计算机科学 2011-03-29 Manuel Bodirsky , Éric Fusy , Mihyun Kang , Stefan Vigerske

We prove a weighted generalization of the formula for the number of plane vertex-labeled trees.

组合数学 · 数学 2018-09-05 Ran J. Tessler

This note presents an encoding and a decoding algorithms for a forest of (labelled) rooted uniform hypertrees and hypercycles in linear time, by using as few as $n - 2$ integers in the range $[1,n]$. It is a simple extension of the…

离散数学 · 计算机科学 2011-10-04 Christian Lavault

A record of a rooted Cayley tree is a node whose label is the largest along the unique path to the root. In this work, we find elegant functional equations relating the generating functions for records of rooted Cayley trees and for records…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-10-15 Adrián Lillo , Mercedes Rosas , Stefan Trandafir

We study the fundamental question of how likely it is that two randomly chosen trees are isomorphic to each other for different models of random trees. We show that the probability decays exponentially for rooted labeled trees as well as…

概率论 · 数学 2023-04-11 Christoffer Olsson

P\'olya's enumeration theorem is concerned with counting labeled sets up to symmetry. Given a finite group acting on a finite set of labeled elements it states that the number of labeled sets up to symmetry is given by a polynomial in the…

组合数学 · 数学 2014-01-29 Katharina Jochemko

Cayley's formula is a fundamental result in combinatorics that counts the number of labeled trees on n vertices. While existing proofs use approaches such as Prufer sequences and the Matrix-Tree Theorem, we give a combinatorial proof that…

组合数学 · 数学 2026-02-11 Helia Karisani , Mohammadreza Daneshvaramoli

We present an algorithm that, on input $n$, lists every unlabeled tree of order $n$.

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2017-03-20 Pedro Recuero

Arthur Cayley famously proved that there are n to the power n-2 labeled trees on n vertices. Here we go much further and show how to enumerate, fully automatically, labeled trees such that every vertex has a number of neighbors that belongs…

组合数学 · 数学 2022-02-22 Shalosh B. Ekhad , Doron Zeilberger

In this article, we develop a new class of multivariate distributions adapted for count data, called Tree P\'olya Splitting. This class results from the combination of a univariate distribution and singular multivariate distributions along…

In this paper, we provide algorithms to rank and unrank certain degree-restricted classes of Cayley trees (spanning trees of the n-vertex complete graph). Specifically, we consider classes of trees that have a given set of leaves or a fixed…

组合数学 · 数学 2010-09-13 Jeffrey B. Remmel , S. Gill Williamson

In this paper, we provide algorithms to rank, unrank, and randomly generate certain degree-restricted classes of Cayley trees. Specifically, we consider classes of trees that have a given degree sequence or a given multiset of degrees. If…

组合数学 · 数学 2010-09-13 Jeffery B. Remmel , S. Gill Williamson

Inspired by [4] we present a new algorithm for uniformly random generation of ordered trees in which all occuring outdegrees can be specified by a given sequence of numbers. The method can be used for random generation of binary or n-ary…

离散数学 · 计算机科学 2021-12-30 Aleksander Kiryk
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