相关论文: Anomalous velocity distributions in slow quantum-t…

Non-Maxwellian distributions are commonly observed across a wide range of systems and scales. While direct observations provide the strongest evidence for these distributions, they also manifest indirectly through their influence on…

Quantum tunneling reactions play a significant role in chemistry when classical pathways are energetically forbidden, be it in gas phase reactions, surface diffusion, or liquid phase chemistry. In general, such tunneling reactions are…

Semiclassical instanton theory is a form of quantum transition-state theory which can be applied to computing thermal reaction rates for complex molecular systems including quantum tunneling effects. There have been a number of attempts to…

An ion in a radiofrequency ion trap interacting with a buffer gas of ultracold neutral atoms is a driven dynamical system which has been found to develop a non-thermal energy distribution with a power law tail. The exact analytical form of…

Using a combination of molecular dynamics simulations and fundamental statistical mechanics, we analyze the position and velocity distribution of a trapped ion immersed in two ideal gases at differing temperatures. Such a system has been…

We show that the observational data recently provided by Giovanelli et al. (1996 a, b) and discussed by Bahcall and Oh (1996) concerning the velocity distribution of clusters of galaxies can be naturally fitted by a statistical distribution…

We present a realistic molecular-dynamics treatment of laser-cooled ions in radiofrequency ion traps which avoids previously made simplifications such as modeling laser cooling as a friction force and combining individual heating mechanisms…

We study diffusion-controlled processes in nonequilibrium steady states, where standard rate theory assumptions break down. Using transition path theory, we generalize the relations between reactive probability fluxes and measures of the…

The distribution function of the relative velocity in a two-body reaction of nonrelativistic uncorrelated particles is derived for general cases of given distribution functions of single particle velocities. The distribution function is…

We analyze the deviations from Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics found in recent experiments studying velocity distributions in two-dimensional granular gases driven into a non-equilibrium stationary state by a strong vertical vibration. We show…

Recent research on the fundamentals of statistical mechanics has led to an interesting discovery [1-3]: With locally nonchaotic barriers, as Boltzmann's H-theorem is inapplicable, there exist nontrivial non-thermodynamic systems that can…

Recent inertial confinement fusion experiments have shown primary fusion spectral moments which are incompatible with a Maxwellian velocity distribution description. These results show that an ion kinetic description of the reacting ions is…

Nonthermal velocity distributions with much greater tails than the Maxwellian have been observed for radical atoms in plasmas for a long time. Historically, such velocity distributions have been modeled by a two-temperature Maxwell…

We construct the velocity map images of the proton transfer reaction between helium and molecular hydrogen ions H2+. We perform simulations of imaging experiments at one representative total collision energy taking into account the inherent…

The tunneling reaction H$_2$ + D$^-$ $\rightarrow$ HD + H$^-$ was studied in a recent experimental work at low temperatures (10, 19, and 23~K) by Endres {\it et al.}, Phys. Rev. A {\bf 95}, 022706 (2017). An upper limit of the rate…

We study the collision frequencies of particles in the weakly and highly ionized plasmas with the power-law q-distributions in nonextensive statistics. We derive the average collision frequencies of neutral-neutral particle,…

Kappa-distributed velocities in plasmas are common in a wide variety of settings, from low-density to high-density plasmas. To date, they have been found mainly in space plasmas, but are recently being considered also in the modelling of…

Recent investigations of turbulent circulation fluctuations have uncovered substantial insights into the statistical organization of flow structures and revealed unexpected geometric features of turbulent intermittency. Of particular…

An ion in a radiofrequency (rf) trap sympathetically cooled by a simultaneously trapped neutral buffer gas exhibits deviations from thermal statistics caused by collision-induced coupling of the rf field to the ion motion. For a uniform…

Whereas the original Boltzmann's $H$-theorem applies to elastic collisions, its rigorous generalization to the inelastic case is still lacking. Nonetheless, it has been conjectured in the literature that the relative entropy of the velocity…