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Efficient inference with Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly relies on Key-Value (KV) caches to store previously computed key and value vectors at each layer. These caches are essential to minimize redundant computation during…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2026-04-08 Oteo Mamo , Olga Kogiou , Hyunjin Yi , Weikuan Yu

Recently, continuous cache models were proposed as extensions to recurrent neural network language models, to adapt their predictions to local changes in the data distribution. These models only capture the local context, of up to a few…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2017-11-08 Edouard Grave , Moustapha Cisse , Armand Joulin

How to efficiently serve LLMs in practice has become exceptionally challenging due to their prohibitive memory and computation requirements. In this study, we investigate optimizing the KV cache, whose memory footprint poses a critical…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-10 Akshat Sharma , Hangliang Ding , Jianping Li , Neel Dani , Minjia Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have become the cornerstone of modern AI. However, the existing paradigm of next-token prediction fundamentally limits their ability to form coherent, high-level concepts, making it a critical barrier to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-16 Michael K. Chen , Xikun Zhang , Jiaxing Huang , Dacheng Tao

Memory-augmented Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capability for complex and long-horizon embodied planning. By keeping track of past experiences and environmental states, memory enables LLMs to maintain a global…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2026-03-18 Zebin Yang , Tong Xie , Baotong Lu , Shaoshan Liu , Bo Yu , Meng Li

To reduce memory consumption during LLM inference, prior works have proposed numerous methods that focus on KV cache pruning based on various criteria. While these techniques often accomplish lossless memory reduction on many datasets, they…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-07 Xuanfan Ni , Liyan Xu , Chenyang Lyu , Longyue Wang , Mo Yu , Lemao Liu , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou , Piji Li

Transformer-based architectures have become the de-facto standard models for a wide range of Natural Language Processing tasks. However, their memory footprint and high latency are prohibitive for efficient deployment and inference on…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-09-28 Yelysei Bondarenko , Markus Nagel , Tijmen Blankevoort

Most widely-used pre-trained language models operate on sequences of tokens corresponding to word or subword units. By comparison, token-free models that operate directly on raw text (bytes or characters) have many benefits: they can…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-03-09 Linting Xue , Aditya Barua , Noah Constant , Rami Al-Rfou , Sharan Narang , Mihir Kale , Adam Roberts , Colin Raffel

Large language models (LLMs) have shown strong performance across diverse tasks, but their inference with long input contexts is bottlenecked by memory size and bandwidth. The Key-Value (KV) cache size grows linearly with sequence length…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Junkai Zhang , Hang Guo , Luca Benini , Yawei Li

Recent advances in long-text understanding have pushed the context length of large language models (LLMs) up to one million tokens. It boosts LLMs's accuracy and reasoning capacity but causes exorbitant computational costs and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-19 Huan Yang , Renji Zhang , Mingzhe Huang , Weijun Wang , Yin Tang , Yuanchun Li , Yunxin Liu , Deyu Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in complex multi-agent applications that rely on external function calls. This workload creates severe performance challenges for the KV Cache: spatial contention leads to the eviction…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2026-05-21 Zhuohang Bian , Feiyang Wu , Zhuoran Li , Teng Ma , Youwei Zhuo

Transformer-based long context generative models power emerging AI applications like hour-long video understanding and project-level coding agent. Deploying long context transformers (e.g., 100K to 10M tokens) is prohibitively expensive…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-05-16 Yao Fu

Discovering new materials better suited to specific purposes is an important issue in improving the quality of human life. Here, a neural network that creates molecules that meet some desired conditions based on a deep understanding of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-02-15 Hyunseung Kim , Jonggeol Na , Won Bo Lee

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have recently demonstrated strong capabilities in understanding and generating responses from diverse visual inputs, including high-resolution images and long video sequences. As these models scale…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Junwan Kim , Hyunkyung Bae

High throughput serving of large language models (LLMs) requires batching sufficiently many requests at a time. However, existing systems struggle because the key-value cache (KV cache) memory for each request is huge and grows and shrinks…

Key-value (KV) caching is essential for large language model inference, yet its memory overhead poses a critical bottleneck for long-context generation. Existing eviction policies predominantly rely on empirical heuristics, lacking a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-30 Jiaming Yang , Chenwei Tang , Liangli Zhen , Jiancheng Lv

The Transformer-Kernel (TK) model has demonstrated strong reranking performance on the TREC Deep Learning benchmark---and can be considered to be an efficient (but slightly less effective) alternative to BERT-based ranking models. In this…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2020-07-22 Bhaskar Mitra , Sebastian Hofstatter , Hamed Zamani , Nick Craswell

Transformers have been established as the de-facto backbones for most recent advances in sequence modeling, mainly due to their growing memory capacity that scales with the context length. While plausible for retrieval tasks, it causes…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-02 Ali Behrouz , Zeman Li , Yuan Deng , Peilin Zhong , Meisam Razaviyayn , Vahab Mirrokni

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) cache context as key-value (KV) pairs during inference. As context length grows, KV cache sizes expand, leading to substantial memory overhead and increased attention latency. This paper…

数据库 · 计算机科学 2025-10-01 Jang-Hyun Kim , Jinuk Kim , Sangwoo Kwon , Jae W. Lee , Sangdoo Yun , Hyun Oh Song

Although attention-based Neural Machine Translation (NMT) has achieved remarkable progress in recent years, it still suffers from issues of repeating and dropping translations. To alleviate these issues, we propose a novel key-value…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2018-07-02 Fandong Meng , Zhaopeng Tu , Yong Cheng , Haiyang Wu , Junjie Zhai , Yuekui Yang , Di Wang