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Recent progress in large language models enables the creation of realistic machine-generated content. Watermarking is a promising approach to distinguish machine-generated text from human text, embedding statistical signals in the output…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-25 Patrick Chao , Yan Sun , Edgar Dobriban , Hamed Hassani

The task of discerning between generated and natural texts is increasingly challenging. In this context, watermarking emerges as a promising technique for ascribing generated text to a specific model. It alters the sampling generation…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-11-09 Pierre Fernandez , Antoine Chaffin , Karim Tit , Vivien Chappelier , Teddy Furon

The capabilities of large language models have grown significantly in recent years and so too have concerns about their misuse. It is important to be able to distinguish machine-generated text from human-authored content. Prior works have…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-10-15 Julien Piet , Chawin Sitawarin , Vivian Fang , Norman Mu , David Wagner

LLM watermarks stand out as a promising way to attribute ownership of LLM-generated text. One threat to watermark credibility comes from spoofing attacks, where an unauthorized third party forges the watermark, enabling it to falsely…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-23 Thibaud Gloaguen , Nikola Jovanović , Robin Staab , Martin Vechev

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have raised urgent concerns about LLM-generated text authenticity, prompting regulatory demands for reliable identification mechanisms. Although watermarking offers a promising solution,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-26 Xiaoyan Feng , He Zhang , Yanjun Zhang , Leo Yu Zhang , Shirui Pan

Large language model (LLM) watermarking has shown promise in detecting AI-generated content and mitigating misuse, with prior work claiming robustness against paraphrasing and text editing. In this paper, we argue that existing evaluations…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-15 Hanbo Huang , Yiran Zhang , Hao Zheng , Xuan Gong , Yihan Li , Lin Liu , Zhuotao Liu , Shiyu Liang

LLM watermarking, which embeds imperceptible yet algorithmically detectable signals in model outputs to identify LLM-generated text, has become crucial in mitigating the potential misuse of large language models. However, the abundance of…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-10-29 Leyi Pan , Aiwei Liu , Zhiwei He , Zitian Gao , Xuandong Zhao , Yijian Lu , Binglin Zhou , Shuliang Liu , Xuming Hu , Lijie Wen , Irwin King , Philip S. Yu

We present a publicly-detectable watermarking scheme for LMs: the detection algorithm contains no secret information, and it is executable by anyone. We embed a publicly-verifiable cryptographic signature into LM output using rejection…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-01-07 Jaiden Fairoze , Sanjam Garg , Somesh Jha , Saeed Mahloujifar , Mohammad Mahmoody , Mingyuan Wang

Watermarking has emerged as a promising solution for tracing and authenticating text generated by large language models (LLMs). A common approach to LLM watermarking is to construct a green/red token list and assign higher or lower…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-27 Li An , Yujian Liu , Yepeng Liu , Yuheng Bu , Yang Zhang , Shiyu Chang

We present the first undetectable watermarking scheme for generative image models. Undetectability ensures that no efficient adversary can distinguish between watermarked and un-watermarked images, even after making many adaptive queries.…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-04-23 Sam Gunn , Xuandong Zhao , Dawn Song

As large language models (LLMs) grow more powerful, concerns over copyright infringement of LLM-generated texts have intensified. LLM watermarking has been proposed to trace unauthorized redistribution or resale of generated content by…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-08-05 Qihao Lin , Chen Tang , Lan zhang , Junyang zhang , Xiangyang Li

Large-language models (LLMs) are now able to produce text that is, in many cases, seemingly indistinguishable from human-generated content. This has fueled the development of watermarks that imprint a ``signal'' in LLM-generated text with…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-15 Dor Tsur , Carol Xuan Long , Claudio Mayrink Verdun , Hsiang Hsu , Haim Permuter , Flavio P. Calmon

Watermarking for large language models (LLMs) offers a promising approach to identifying AI-generated text. Existing approaches, however, either compromise the distribution of original generated text by LLMs or are limited to embedding…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-09 Ya Jiang , Chuxiong Wu , Massieh Kordi Boroujeny , Brian Mark , Kai Zeng

The rise of LLMs has increased concerns over source tracing and copyright protection for AIGC, highlighting the need for advanced detection technologies. Passive detection methods usually face high false positives, while active watermarking…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-03 Kahim Wong , Jicheng Zhou , Jiantao Zhou , Yain-Whar Si

Watermarking large language models (LLMs) is vital for preventing their misuse, including the fabrication of fake news, plagiarism, and spam. It is especially important to watermark LLM-generated code, as it often contains intellectual…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-12-18 Li Lin , Siyuan Xin , Yang Cao , Xiaochun Cao

We consider the emerging problem of identifying the presence and use of watermarking schemes in widely used, publicly hosted, closed source large language models (LLMs). We introduce a suite of baseline algorithms for identifying watermarks…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-05-31 Leonard Tang , Gavin Uberti , Tom Shlomi

Watermarking is a technique that involves embedding nearly unnoticeable statistical signals within generated content to help trace its source. This work focuses on a scenario where an untrusted third-party user sends prompts to a trusted…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-29 Xingchi Li , Guanxun Li , Xianyang Zhang

As large language models (LLMs) reach human-like fluency, reliably distinguishing AI-generated text from human authorship becomes increasingly difficult. While watermarks already exist for LLMs, they often lack flexibility and struggle with…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-18 Georg Niess , Roman Kern

Watermarking the outputs of large language models (LLMs) is critical for provenance tracing, content regulation, and model accountability. Existing approaches often rely on access to model internals or are constrained by static rules and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-23 Agnibh Dasgupta , Abdullah Tanvir , Xin Zhong

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in various applications, including text generation and complex tasks. However, the misuse of LLMs raises concerns about the authenticity and ethical implications of the content they produce, such as…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-12-02 Zesen Liu , Tianshuo Cong , Xinlei He , Qi Li