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Whole slide image (WSI) classification is a crucial problem for cancer diagnostics in clinics and hospitals. A WSI, acquired at gigapixel size, is commonly tiled into patches and processed by multiple-instance learning (MIL) models.…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-10-10 Doanh C. Bui , Jin Tae Kwak

Although multiple instance learning (MIL) methods are widely used for automatic tumor detection on whole slide images (WSI), they suffer from the extreme class imbalance within the small tumor WSIs. This occurs when the tumor comprises only…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-09-19 Ziyu Su , Mostafa Rezapour , Usama Sajjad , Shuo Niu , Metin Nafi Gurcan , Muhammad Khalid Khan Niazi

Whole Slide Image (WSI) classification relies on Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) with spatial patch features, yet existing methods struggle to capture global dependencies due to the immense size of WSIs and the local nature of patch…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-10-22 Anthony Bilic , Guangyu Sun , Ming Li , Md Sanzid Bin Hossain , Yu Tian , Wei Zhang , Laura Brattain , Dexter Hadley , Chen Chen

Whole slide image (WSI) classification is an essential task in computational pathology. Despite the recent advances in multiple instance learning (MIL) for WSI classification, accurate classification of WSIs remains challenging due to the…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-07-06 Saisai Ding , Jun Wang , Juncheng Li , Jun Shi

Whole slide image (WSI) classification has emerged as a powerful tool in computational pathology, but remains constrained by domain shifts, e.g., due to different organs, diseases, or institution-specific variations. To address this…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-05-14 Pratibha Kumari , Daniel Reisenbüchler , Afshin Bozorgpour , Nadine S. Schaadt , Friedrich Feuerhake , Dorit Merhof

Due to the limitations of inadequate Whole-Slide Image (WSI) samples with weak labels, pseudo-bag-based multiple instance learning (MIL) appears as a vibrant prospect in WSI classification. However, the pseudo-bag dividing scheme, often…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-04-23 Rui Yang , Pei Liu , Luping Ji

Cancer diagnosis has greatly benefited from the integration of whole-slide images (WSIs) with multiple instance learning (MIL), enabling high-resolution analysis of tissue morphology. Graph-based MIL (GNN-MIL) approaches have emerged as…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-08-27 Jongwoo Kim , Bryan Wong , Huazhu Fu , Willmer Rafell Quiñones , Youngsin Ko , Mun Yong Yi

Learning suitable Whole slide images (WSIs) representations for efficient retrieval systems is a non-trivial task. The WSI embeddings obtained from current methods are in Euclidean space not ideal for efficient WSI retrieval. Furthermore,…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-09-26 Sobhan Hemati , Shivam Kalra , Morteza Babaie , H. R. Tizhoosh

Computational pathology and whole-slide image (WSI) analysis are pivotal in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. However, the ultra-high resolution of WSIs presents significant modeling challenges. Recent advancements in pathology foundation…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-03-11 Honglin Li , Zhongyi Shui , Yunlong Zhang , Chenglu Zhu , Lin Yang

Whole-slide image (WSI) analysis is challenging due to the gigapixel scale of slides and their inherent hierarchical multi-resolution structure. Existing multiple instance learning (MIL) approaches often model WSIs as unordered collections…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-09 Dongqing Xie , Yonghuang Wu

Whole Slide Image (WSI) analysis, with its ability to reveal detailed tissue structures in magnified views, plays a crucial role in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Due to their giga-sized nature, WSIs require substantial storage and…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-08-05 Doanh Cao Bui , Jin Tae Kwak

Microscopic interpretation of histopathology images underlies many important diagnostic and treatment decisions. While advances in vision-language modeling raise new opportunities for analysis of such images, the gigapixel-scale size of…

Supervised learning tasks such as cancer survival prediction from gigapixel whole slide images (WSIs) are a critical challenge in computational pathology that requires modeling complex features of the tumor microenvironment. These learning…

图像与视频处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2022-11-22 Iain Carmichael , Andrew H. Song , Richard J. Chen , Drew F. K. Williamson , Tiffany Y. Chen , Faisal Mahmood

Whole Slide Images (WSIs) or histopathology images are used in digital pathology. WSIs pose great challenges to deep learning models for clinical diagnosis, owing to their size and lack of pixel-level annotations. With the recent…

Multiple Instance Learning is the predominant method for Whole Slide Image classification in digital pathology, enabling the use of slide-level labels to supervise model training. Although MIL eliminates the tedious fine-grained annotation…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-05-28 Chen Shu , Boyu Fu , Yiman Li , Ting Yin , Wenchuan Zhang , Jie Chen , Yuhao Yi , Hong Bu

We consider machine-learning-based thyroid-malignancy prediction from cytopathology whole-slide images (WSI). Multiple instance learning (MIL) approaches, typically used for the analysis of WSIs, divide the image (bag) into patches…

In computational pathology, weak supervision has become the standard for deep learning due to the gigapixel scale of WSIs and the scarcity of pixel-level annotations, with Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) established as the principal…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-12-17 Andreas Lolos , Theofilos Christodoulou , Aris L. Moustakas , Stergios Christodoulidis , Maria Vakalopoulou

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) has emerged as a promising paradigm for Whole Slide Image (WSI) diagnosis, offering effective learning with limited annotations. However, existing MIL frameworks overlook diagnostic priorities and fail to…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-17 Sungrae Hong , Jiwon Jeong , Jisu Shin , Donghee Han , Sol Lee , Kyungeun Kim , Mun Yong Yi

Weakly supervised object detection (WSOD) is a challenging task when provided with image category supervision but required to simultaneously learn object locations and object detectors. Many WSOD approaches adopt multiple instance learning…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2019-04-12 Fang Wan , Chang Liu , Wei Ke , Xiangyang Ji , Jianbin Jiao , Qixiang Ye

Whole Slide Images (WSIs) are critical for various clinical applications, including histopathological analysis. However, current deep learning approaches in this field predominantly focus on individual tumor types, limiting model…

图像与视频处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-09-18 Sharon Peled , Yosef E. Maruvka , Moti Freiman