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Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) aims to help human decision-makers in understanding complex machine learning (ML) models. One of the hallmarks of XAI are measures of relative feature importance, which are theoretically justified…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-02-12 Joao Marques-Silva , Xuanxiang Huang

Shapley values are among the most popular tools for explaining predictions of blackbox machine learning models. However, their high computational cost motivates the use of sampling approximations, inducing a considerable degree of…

机器学习 · 统计学 2024-04-11 Jeremy Goldwasser , Giles Hooker

Shapley value is a classic notion from game theory, historically used to quantify the contributions of individuals within groups, and more recently applied to assign values to data points when training machine learning models. Despite its…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-02-28 Amirata Ghorbani , Michael P. Kim , James Zou

As machine learning models grow more complex and their applications become more high-stakes, tools for explaining model predictions have become increasingly important. This has spurred a flurry of research in model explainability and has…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-11-08 Yang Liu , Sujay Khandagale , Colin White , Willie Neiswanger

One of the most popular methods of the machine learning prediction explanation is the SHapley Additive exPlanations method (SHAP). An imprecise SHAP as a modification of the original SHAP is proposed for cases when the class probability…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-06-18 Lev V. Utkin , Andrei V. Konstantinov , Kirill A. Vishniakov

Data valuation has found various applications in machine learning, such as data filtering, efficient learning and incentives for data sharing. The most popular current approach to data valuation is the Shapley value. While popular for its…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-11-10 Lauren Watson , Zeno Kujawa , Rayna Andreeva , Hao-Tsung Yang , Tariq Elahi , Rik Sarkar

Feature attribution methods help make machine learning-based inference explainable by determining how much one or several features have contributed to a model's output. A particularly popular attribution method is based on the Shapley value…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-11-04 Filip Naudot , Tobias Sundqvist , Timotheus Kampik

Feature attributions based on the Shapley value are popular for explaining machine learning models; however, their estimation is complex from both a theoretical and computational standpoint. We disentangle this complexity into two factors:…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-07-18 Hugh Chen , Ian C. Covert , Scott M. Lundberg , Su-In Lee

In spite of increased attention on explainable machine learning models, explaining multi-output predictions has not yet been extensively addressed. Methods that use Shapley values to attribute feature contributions to the decision making…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-03-31 Célia Wafa Ayad , Thomas Bonnier , Benjamin Bosch , Jesse Read

This work focuses on developing efficient post-hoc explanations for quantum AI algorithms. In classical contexts, the cooperative game theory concept of the Shapley value adapts naturally to post-hoc explanations, where it can be used to…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-04-18 Iain Burge , Michel Barbeau , Joaquin Garcia-Alfaro

Although Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) can be computed in polynomial time for simple models like decision trees, they unfortunately become NP-hard to compute for more expressive black-box models like neural networks - where…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-23 Reda Marzouk , Shahaf Bassan , Guy Katz

We propose probabilistic Shapley inference (PSI), a novel probabilistic framework to model and infer sufficient statistics of feature attributions in flexible predictive models, via latent random variables whose mean recovers Shapley…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-09 Mert Ketenci , Iñigo Urteaga , Victor Alfonso Rodriguez , Noémie Elhadad , Adler Perotte

Shapley value is a widely used tool in explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), as it provides a principled way to attribute contributions of input features to model outputs. However, estimation of Shapley value requires capturing…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-05 Cheng Lu , Jiusun Zeng , Yu Xia , Jinhui Cai , Shihua Luo

Shapley values are a standard tool for explaining predictions of tree ensembles, with Path-Dependent SHAP being the most widely used variant. Despite substantial progress, existing methods still exhibit trade-offs between depth-dependent…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-07 Ron Wettenstein , Rory Mitchell , Peng Yu

The proliferation of large models has intensified the need for efficient data valuation methods to quantify the contribution of individual data providers. Traditional approaches, such as game-theory-based Shapley value and…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-09-24 Le Ma , Shirao Yang , Zihao Wang , Yinggui Wang , Lei Wang , Tao Wei , Kejun Zhang

While shallow decision trees may be interpretable, larger ensemble models like gradient-boosted trees, which often set the state of the art in machine learning problems involving tabular data, still remain black box models. As a remedy, the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-06-21 Maximilian Muschalik , Fabian Fumagalli , Barbara Hammer , Eyke Hüllermeier

Explainable AI (XAI) has become an increasingly important topic for understanding and attributing the predictions made by complex Time Series Classification (TSC) models. Among attribution methods, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) is…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-09-05 Davide Italo Serramazza , Nikos Papadeas , Zahraa Abdallah , Georgiana Ifrim

Algorithmic decisions in critical domains such as hiring, college admissions, and lending are often based on rankings. Given the impact of these decisions on individuals, organizations, and population groups, it is essential to understand…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-07-29 Venetia Pliatsika , Joao Fonseca , Kateryna Akhynko , Ivan Shevchenko , Julia Stoyanovich

Decision trees are well-known due to their ease of interpretability. To improve accuracy, we need to grow deep trees or ensembles of trees. These are hard to interpret, offsetting their original benefits. Shapley values have recently become…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-01-26 Peng Yu , Chao Xu , Albert Bifet , Jesse Read

Local feature attribution methods are increasingly used to explain complex machine learning models. However, current methods are limited because they are extremely expensive to compute or are not capable of explaining a distributed series…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-10-12 Hugh Chen , Scott M. Lundberg , Su-In Lee