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Key-Value cache (\texttt{KV} \texttt{cache}) compression has emerged as a promising technique to optimize Large Language Model (LLM) serving. It primarily decreases the memory consumption of \texttt{KV} \texttt{cache} to reduce the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-04-01 Wei Gao , Xinyu Zhou , Peng Sun , Tianwei Zhang , Yonggang Wen

Despite the massive advancements in large language models (LLMs), they still suffer from producing plausible but incorrect responses. To improve the reliability of LLMs, recent research has focused on uncertainty quantification to predict…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-04-01 Yongjin Yang , Haneul Yoo , Hwaran Lee

Hallucination in large language models (LLMs) can be detected by assessing the uncertainty of model outputs, typically measured using entropy. Semantic entropy (SE) enhances traditional entropy estimation by quantifying uncertainty at the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-03 Dang Nguyen , Ali Payani , Baharan Mirzasoleiman

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in generating programs from natural language descriptions, yet ensuring their correctness without an external oracle remains a critical challenge. To solve the…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-04-07 Yunxiang Wei , Tianlin Li , Yuwei Zheng , Yanni Dong , Aishan Liu , Qiang Hu , Xiaoyu Zhang , Mingfei Cheng , Jian Yang

As Large Language Models (LLMs) scale to support context windows exceeding one million tokens, the linear growth of Key-Value (KV) cache imposes severe memory capacity and bandwidth bottlenecks, constraining the efficiency of long-context…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-09 Zhirui Chen , Peiyang Liu , Ling Shao

Small language models (SLMs) have been increasingly deployed in edge devices and other resource-constrained settings. However, these models make confident mispredictions and produce unstable output, making them risky for factual and…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-07 Adeyemi Adeseye , Aisvarya Adeseye , Hannu Tenhunen , Jouni Isoaho

Various studies that address the compressed sensing problem with Multiple Measurement Vectors (MMVs) have been recently carried. These studies assume the vectors of the different channels to be jointly sparse. In this paper, we relax this…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2016-11-14 Hamid Palangi , Rabab Ward , Li Deng

In recent years, large-scale language models (LLMs) have gained attention for their impressive text generation capabilities. However, these models often face the challenge of "hallucination," which undermines their reliability. In this…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-10 Yuchen Yang , Houqiang Li , Yanfeng Wang , Yu Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve strong performance across diverse tasks but face prohibitive computational and memory costs. Pruning offers a promising path by inducing sparsity while preserving architectural flexibility. However,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-10 Yizhuo Ding , Wanying Qu , Jiawei Geng , Wenqi Shao , Yanwei Fu

Selective prediction systems can mitigate harms resulting from language model hallucinations by abstaining from answering in high-risk cases. Uncertainty quantification techniques are often employed to identify such cases, but are rarely…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-24 Edward Phillips , Fredrik K. Gustafsson , Sean Wu , Anshul Thakur , David A. Clifton

We present a novel approach to selective model quantization that transcends the limitations of architecture-specific and size-dependent compression methods for Large Language Models (LLMs) using Entropy-Weighted Quantization (EWQ). By…

Large Language Models (LLMs) require significant GPU memory when processing long texts, with the key value (KV) cache consuming up to 70\% of total memory during inference. Although existing compression methods reduce memory by evaluating…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-15 Xiang Liu , Zhenheng Tang , Peijie Dong , Zeyu Li , Yue Liu , Bo Li , Xuming Hu , Xiaowen Chu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are commonly derived by extending pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) with visual capabilities. In this work, we investigate how MLLMs process visual inputs by analyzing their attention…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-07-08 Jiahui Wang , Zuyan Liu , Yongming Rao , Jiwen Lu

Long-context decoding is increasingly limited by KV-cache memory traffic since each generated token attends over a cache whose size grows linearly with context length. Existing sparse decoding methods reduce this cost by selecting subsets…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-22 Gonçalo Duarte , Miguel Couceiro , Marcos V. Treviso

Recently, sharing key-value (KV) cache across layers has been found effective in efficient inference of large language models (LLMs). To systematically investigate different techniques of cross-layer KV sharing, we propose a unified…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-06 You Wu , Haoyi Wu , Kewei Tu

In this paper, we study the problem of uncertainty estimation and calibration for LLMs. We begin by formulating the uncertainty estimation problem, a relevant yet underexplored area in existing literature. We then propose a supervised…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-24 Linyu Liu , Yu Pan , Xiaocheng Li , Guanting Chen

As large language models (LLMs) continue to advance rapidly, they are becoming increasingly capable while simultaneously demanding ever-longer context lengths. To improve the inference efficiency of long-context processing, several novel…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-08 Qihang Fan , Huaibo Huang , Zhiying Wu , Bingning Wang , Ran He

Large language models (LLMs) often generate fluent but factually incorrect outputs, known as hallucinations, which undermine their reliability in real-world applications. While uncertainty estimation has emerged as a promising strategy for…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-13 Pei-Fu Guo , Yun-Da Tsai , Shou-De Lin

Augmenting Large Language Models (LLMs) with retrieved external knowledge has proven effective for improving the factual accuracy of generated responses. Despite their success, retrieval-augmented LLMs still face the distractibility issue,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-18 Zexuan Qiu , Zijing Ou , Bin Wu , Jingjing Li , Aiwei Liu , Irwin King

Accelerating large language model (LLM) inference is critical for real-world deployments requiring high throughput and low latency. Contextual sparsity, where each token dynamically activates only a small subset of the model parameters,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-13 Susav Shrestha , Brad Settlemyer , Nikoli Dryden , Narasimha Reddy