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Offline Handwritten Mathematical Expression Recognition (HMER) is a major area in the field of mathematical expression recognition. Offline HMER is often viewed as a much harder problem as compared to online HMER due to a lack of temporal…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-08-23 Ujjwal Thakur , Anuj Sharma

Handwritten Mathematical Expression Recognition (HMER) has extensive applications in automated grading and office automation. However, existing sequence-based decoding methods, which directly predict $\LaTeX$ sequences, struggle to…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-12-12 Jianhua Zhu , Wenqi Zhao , Yu Li , Xingjian Hu , Liangcai Gao

Handwritten mathematical expression recognition (HMER) is challenging in image-to-text tasks due to the complex layouts of mathematical expressions and suffers from problems including over-parsing and under-parsing. To solve these, previous…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-03-06 Yutian Liu , Wenjun Ke , Jianguo Wei

Handwritten Mathematical Expression Recognition (HMER) remains a persistent challenge in Optical Character Recognition (OCR) due to the inherent freedom of symbol layouts and variability in handwriting styles. Prior methods have faced…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-10-28 Yu Li , Jin Jiang , Jianhua Zhu , Shuai Peng , Baole Wei , Yuxuan Zhou , Liangcai Gao

Handwritten mathematical expression recognition (HMER) is an important research direction in handwriting recognition. The performance of HMER suffers from the two-dimensional structure of mathematical expressions (MEs). To address this…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2020-07-21 Zhe Li , Lianwen Jin , Songxuan Lai , Yecheng Zhu

Handwritten Mathematical Expression Recognition (HMER) is a challenging task with many educational applications. Recent methods for HMER have been developed for complex mathematical expressions in standard horizontal format. However,…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-08-14 Daniel Rosa , Filipe R. Cordeiro , Ruan Carvalho , Everton Souza , Sergio Chevtchenko , Luiz Rodrigues , Marcelo Marinho , Thales Vieira , Valmir Macario

Handwritten mathematical expression recognition (HMER) is a challenging task that has many potential applications. Recent methods for HMER have achieved outstanding performance with an encoder-decoder architecture. However, these methods…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-06-08 Ye Yuan , Xiao Liu , Wondimu Dikubab , Hui Liu , Zhilong Ji , Zhongqin Wu , Xiang Bai

Visual autoregressive models typically adhere to a raster-order ``next-token prediction" paradigm, which overlooks the spatial and temporal locality inherent in visual content. Specifically, visual tokens exhibit significantly stronger…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-03-17 Yefei He , Yuanyu He , Shaoxuan He , Feng Chen , Hong Zhou , Kaipeng Zhang , Bohan Zhuang

Encoder-decoder models have made great progress on handwritten mathematical expression recognition recently. However, it is still a challenge for existing methods to assign attention to image features accurately. Moreover, those…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2021-05-18 Wenqi Zhao , Liangcai Gao , Zuoyu Yan , Shuai Peng , Lin Du , Ziyin Zhang

The Transformer-based encoder-decoder architecture has recently made significant advances in recognizing handwritten mathematical expressions. However, the transformer model still suffers from the lack of coverage problem, making its…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-07-19 Wenqi Zhao , Liangcai Gao

Handwritten Mathematical Expression Recognition (HMER) methods have made remarkable progress, with most existing HMER approaches based on either a hybrid CNN/RNN-based with GRU architecture or Transformer architectures. Each of these has…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-08-21 Kehua Chen , Haoyang Shen , Lifan Zhong , Mingyi Chen

We study the text generation task under the approach of pre-trained language models (PLMs). Typically, an auto-regressive (AR) method is adopted for generating texts in a token-by-token manner. Despite many advantages of AR generation, it…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-10-31 Junyi Li , Tianyi Tang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Jian-Yun Nie , Ji-Rong Wen

Non-autoregressive (NAR) generation, which is first proposed in neural machine translation (NMT) to speed up inference, has attracted much attention in both machine learning and natural language processing communities. While NAR generation…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-07-07 Yisheng Xiao , Lijun Wu , Junliang Guo , Juntao Li , Min Zhang , Tao Qin , Tie-yan Liu

In this study, we present a novel end-to-end approach based on the encoder-decoder framework with the attention mechanism for online handwritten mathematical expression recognition (OHMER). First, the input two-dimensional ink trajectory…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2017-12-13 Jianshu Zhang , Jun Du , Lirong Dai

Handwritten Mathematical Expression Recognition (HMER) has wide applications in human-machine interaction scenarios, such as digitized education and automated offices. Recently, sequence-based models with encoder-decoder architectures have…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-07-11 Tongkun Guan , Chengyu Lin , Wei Shen , Xiaokang Yang

Offline Handwritten Mathematical Expression Recognition (HMER) has been dramatically advanced recently by employing tree decoders as part of the encoder-decoder method. Despite the tree decoder-based methods regard the expressions as a tree…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-03-14 Zihao Lin , Jinrong Li , Fan Yang , Shuangping Huang , Xu Yang , Jianmin Lin , Ming Yang

Visual Auto-Regressive modeling (VAR) has shown promise in bridging the speed and quality gap between autoregressive image models and diffusion models. VAR reformulates autoregressive modeling by decomposing an image into successive…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-06-06 Hermann Kumbong , Xian Liu , Tsung-Yi Lin , Ming-Yu Liu , Xihui Liu , Ziwei Liu , Daniel Y. Fu , Christopher Ré , David W. Romero

The use of artificial intelligence technology in education is growing rapidly, with increasing attention being paid to handwritten mathematical expression recognition (HMER) by researchers. However, many existing methods for HMER may fail…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-11-28 Ziqi Ye

In this paper, we present a novel approach to Handwritten Mathematical Expression Recognition (HMER) by leveraging graph-based modeling techniques. We introduce an End-to-end model with an Edge-weighted Graph Attention Mechanism (EGAT),…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-10-25 Yejing Xie , Richard Zanibbi , Harold Mouchère

Recently, most handwritten mathematical expression recognition (HMER) methods adopt the encoder-decoder networks, which directly predict the markup sequences from formula images with the attention mechanism. However, such methods may fail…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-07-26 Bohan Li , Ye Yuan , Dingkang Liang , Xiao Liu , Zhilong Ji , Jinfeng Bai , Wenyu Liu , Xiang Bai
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