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Scenario-based testing is an indispensable instrument for the comprehensive validation and verification of automated vehicles (AVs). However, finding a manageable and finite, yet representative subset of scenarios in a scalable, possibly…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-08 Ferdinand Mütsch , Maximilian Zipfl , Nikolai Polley , J. Marius Zöllner

The automation of functional testing in software has allowed developers to continuously check for negative impacts on functionality throughout the iterative phases of development. This is not the case for User eXperience (UX), which has…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2021-04-14 Pedro M. Fernandes , Manuel Lopes , Rui Prada

This paper summarizes our formal approach to testing autonomous vehicles (AVs) in simulation for the IEEE AV Test Challenge. We demonstrate a systematic testing framework leveraging our previous work on formally-driven simulation for…

The growing deployment of decision-making agents in dynamic environments increases the demand for safety verification. While critical testing scenario generation has emerged as an appealing verification methodology, effectively balancing…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-18 Qitong Chu , Yufeng Yue , Danya Yao , Huaxin Pei

As mobile applications become increasingly integral to our daily lives, concerns about ethics have grown drastically. Users share their experiences, report bugs, and request new features in application reviews, often highlighting safety,…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2024-07-22 Aakash Sorathiya , Gouri Ginde

Exploratory testing (ET) harnesses tester's knowledge, creativity, and experience to create varying tests that uncover unexpected bugs from the end-user's perspective. Although ET has proven effective in system-level testing of interactive…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2024-12-12 Yanqi Su , Zhenchang Xing , Chong Wang , Chunyang Chen , Xiwei Xu , Qinghua Lu , Liming Zhu

A major challenge in the safety assessment of automated vehicles is to ensure that risk for all traffic participants is as low as possible. A concept that is becoming increasingly popular for testing in automated driving is scenario-based…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2022-11-28 Maximilian Zipfl , Barbara Schütt , J. Marius Zöllner , Eric Sax

Recent progress in GUI agents has substantially improved visual grounding, yet robust planning remains challenging, particularly when the environment deviates from a canonical initial state. In real applications, users often invoke…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Henry Hengyuan Zhao , Kaiming Yang , Wendi Yu , Difei Gao , Mike Zheng Shou

Automated vehicles (AVs) are expected to increase traffic safety and traffic efficiency, among others by enabling flexible mobility-on-demand systems. This is particularly important in Singapore, being one of the world's most densely…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2021-12-20 J. Ploeg , E. de Gelder , M. Slavík , E. Querner , T. Webster , N. de Boer

Functional testing is essential for verifying that the business logic of mobile applications aligns with user requirements, serving as the primary methodology for quality assurance in software development. Despite its importance, functional…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-03-02 Yakun Zhang , Zihan Wang , Xinzhi Peng , Zihao Xie , Xiaodong Wang , Xutao Li , Dan Hao , Lu Zhang , Yunming Ye

Automated Driving Systems (ADSs) have seen rapid progress in recent years. To ensure the safety and reliability of these systems, extensive testings are being conducted before their future mass deployment. Testing the system on the road is…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2021-12-03 Ziyuan Zhong , Yun Tang , Yuan Zhou , Vania de Oliveira Neves , Yang Liu , Baishakhi Ray

Safety-critical scenarios are essential for training and evaluating autonomous driving (AD) systems, yet remain extremely rare in real-world driving datasets. To address this, we propose Real-world Crash Grounding (RCG), a scenario…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2025-07-16 Benjamin Stoler , Juliet Yang , Jonathan Francis , Jean Oh

The rapid development of GUI foundation models and mobile GUI agents has spurred numerous evaluation benchmarks, yet most rely on simulated environments or open-source applications, leaving real-world closed-source applications largely…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-28 Yifan Sui , Xin Huang , Hongbing Li , Fang Xu , Jiahe Lv , Haolong Yan , Yeqing Shen , Litao Liu , Zhimin Fan , Ziyang Meng , Jia Wang , Junbo Qi , Kaijun Tan , Zheng Ge , Xiangyu Zhang , Daxin Jiang , Osamu Yoshie

Mobile Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents powered by multimodal large language models have demonstrated promising capabilities in automating complex smartphone tasks. However, existing approaches face two critical limitations: the…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-04-01 Yiping Xie , Song Chen , Jingxuan Xing , Wei Jiang , Zekun Zhu , Yingyao Wang , Pi Bu , Jun Song , Yuning Jiang , Bo Zheng

The large demand of mobile devices creates significant concerns about the quality of mobile applications (apps). Developers need to guarantee the quality of mobile apps before it is released to the market. There have been many approaches…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2022-10-13 Yu Zhao , Brent Harrison , Tingting Yu

The process of testing any software system is an enormous task which is time consuming and costly. The time and required effort to do sufficient testing grow, as the size and complexity of the software grows, which may cause overrun of the…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2012-06-05 Ranjita Kumari Swain , Prafulla Kumar Behera , Durga Prasad Mohapatra

The Graphical User Interface (GUI) plays a central role in mobile applications, directly affecting usability and user satisfaction. Poor GUI performance, such as lag or unresponsiveness, can lead to negative user experience and decreased…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-02-07 Wei Liu , Feng Lin , Linqiang Guo , Tse-Hsun Chen , Ahmed E. Hassan

The rapid adoption of mobile graphical user interface (GUI) agents, which autonomously control applications and operating systems (OS), exposes new system-level attack surfaces. Existing backdoors against web GUI agents and general GenAI…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-03-25 Yutao Luo , Haotian Zhu , Shuchao Pang , Zhigang Lu , Tian Dong , Yongbin Zhou , Minhui Xue

Crowdsourced testing, as a distinct testing paradigm, has attracted much attention in software testing, especially in mobile application (app) testing field. Compared with in-house testing, crowdsourced testing shows superiority with the…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2023-06-13 Shengcheng Yu , Chunrong Fang , Quanjun Zhang , Zhihao Cao , Yexiao Yun , Zhenfei Cao , Kai Mei , Zhenyu Chen

Scenario building is an established method to anticipate the future of emerging technologies. Its primary goal is to use narratives to map future trajectories of technology development and sociotechnical adoption. Following this process,…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2025-06-09 Julia Barnett , Kimon Kieslich , Jasmine Sinchai , Nicholas Diakopoulos