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Binary analysis is traditionally used in the realm of malware detection. However, the same technique may be employed by an attacker to analyze the original binaries in order to reverse engineer them and extract exploitable weaknesses. When…

By their very nature, malware samples employ a variety of techniques to conceal their malicious behavior and hide it from analysis tools. To mitigate the problem, a large number of different evasion techniques have been documented over the…

A common way to get insight into a malicious program's functionality is to look at which API functions it calls. To complicate the reverse engineering of their programs, malware authors deploy API obfuscation techniques, hiding them from…

Unstructured text has long been difficult to automatically analyze at scale. Large language models (LLMs) now offer a way forward by enabling {\em semantic data processing}, where familiar data processing operators (e.g., map, reduce,…

JavaScript is a popular attack vector for releasing malicious payloads on unsuspecting Internet users. Authors of this malicious JavaScript often employ numerous obfuscation techniques in order to prevent the automatic detection by…

As the Windows OS stands out as one of the most targeted systems, the PowerShell language has become a key tool for malicious actors and cybersecurity professionals (e.g., for penetration testing). This work explores an uncharted domain in…

The application of Machine Learning techniques in code generation is now a common practice for most developers. Tools such as ChatGPT from OpenAI leverage the natural language processing capabilities of Large Language Models to generate…

Code obfuscation is widely adopted in modern software development to protect intellectual property and hinder reverse engineering, but it also provides attackers with a powerful means to conceal malicious logic inside otherwise legitimate…

As the web moves away from stateful tracking, browser fingerprinting is becoming more prevalent. Unfortunately, existing approaches to detect browser fingerprinting do not take into account potential evasion tactics such as code…

Malware writers have employed various obfuscation and polymorphism techniques to thwart static analysis approaches and bypassing antivirus tools. Dynamic analysis techniques, however, have essentially overcome these deceits by observing the…

System prompts that include detailed instructions to describe the task performed by the underlying LLM can easily transform foundation models into tools and services with minimal overhead. They are often considered intellectual property,…

Memory disclosure attacks play an important role in the exploitation of memory corruption vulnerabilities. By analyzing recent research, we observe that bypasses of defensive solutions that enforce control-flow integrity or attempt to…

Software obfuscation is widely used by Android developers to protect the source code of their applications against adversarial reverse-engineering efforts. A specific type of obfuscation, string obfuscation, transforms the content of all…

Packer identification tools are a critical foundation of malware analysis, directly affecting unpacking, behavioral analysis, malware classification, and threat attribution. However, their semantic correctness is rarely validated. In…

In the era of the internet and smart devices, the detection of malware has become crucial for system security. Malware authors increasingly employ obfuscation techniques to evade advanced security solutions, making it challenging to detect…

Android applications are usually obfuscated before release, making it difficult to analyze them for malware presence or intellectual property violations. Obfuscators might hide the true intent of code by renaming variables and/or modifying…

Malicious WebShells pose a significant and evolving threat by compromising critical digital infrastructures and endangering public services in sectors such as healthcare and finance. While the research community has made significant…

In the ever-evolving battle against malware, binary obfuscation techniques are a formidable barrier to effective analysis by both human security analysts and automated systems. In particular, virtualization or VM-based obfuscation is one of…

Malware detection is an ever-present challenge for all organizational gatekeepers, who must maintain high detection rates while minimizing interruptions to the organization's workflow. To improve detection rates, organizations often deploy…

Software obfuscation techniques make code more difficult to understand, without changing its functionality. Such techniques are often used by authors of malicious software to avoid detection. Reverse Engineering of obfuscated code, i.e.,…