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Here we critically examine the geophysical and geochemical properties of the Moon in order to identify the extent to which dynamical scenarios satisfy these observations. New joint inversions of existing lunar geophysical data (mean mass,…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2025-12-22 Paolo A. Sossi , Miki Nakajima , Amir Khan

Quantifying the energy budget of Earth in the first few million years following the Moon-forming giant impact is vital to understanding Earth's initial thermal state and the dynamics of lunar tidal evolution. After the impact, the body was…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2020-01-08 Simon J. Lock , Sarah T. Stewart , Matija Ćuk

It is likely that multiple bodies with masses between those of Mars and Earth ("planetary embryos") formed in the outer planetesimal disk of the solar system. Some of these were likely scattered by the giant planets into orbits with…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2018-01-31 Kedron Silsbee , Scott Tremaine

Given their tendency to be incorporated into the core during differentiation, the highly-siderophile elements (HSEs) in Earth's mantle are thought to have been accreted as a `late veneer' after the end of the giant impact phase. Bottke et…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-16 Sean N. Raymond , Hilke E. Schlichting , Franck Hersant , Franck Selsis

Giant impacts, the collisions between planetary embryos, play a crucial role in sculpting the planets and their orbital architectures. Numerical simulations have advanced our understanding of these events, enabling estimations of mass and…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2025-11-19 Tuhin Ghosh , Mark Wyatt , Oliver Shorttle

Recent lunar crater studies have revealed an asymmetric distribution of rayed craters on the lunar surface. The asymmetry is related to the synchronous rotation of the Moon: there is a higher density of rayed craters on the leading…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2010-09-16 Takashi Ito , Renu Malhotra

With approximately one ninth of Earth's mass, Mars is widely considered to be a stranded planetary embryo that never became a fully-grown planet. A currently popular planet formation theory predicts that Mars formed near Earth and Venus and…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2017-05-03 R. Brasser , S. J. Mojzsis , S. Matsumura , S. Ida

We discuss the current state of knowledge of terrestrial planet formation from the aspects of different planet formation models and isotopic data from 182Hf-182W, U-Pb, lithophile-siderophile elements, 48Ca/44Ca isotope samples from…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2021-02-12 H. Lammer , R. Brasser , A. Johansen , M. Scherf , M. Leitzinger

Various theories have been proposed to explain the Moon's current inclined orbit. We test the viability of these theories by reconstructing the thermal-orbital history of the Moon. We build on past thermal-orbital models and incorporate the…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2022-09-23 Brynna G. Downey , Francis Nimmo , Isamu Matsuyama

A large disruption in the main asteroid belt can cause a large flux, an "asteroid shower", on the terrestrial planets. We quantitatively examine the hypothesis that such an event was the cause of the lunar late heavy bombardment (LHB). We…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2007-05-23 Takashi Ito , Renu Malhotra

The Earth--Moon system has been experiencing impacts from asteroids and comets for billions of years. The Moon, as an airless body, has preserved a distinct record of these events in form of impact craters and ejecta deposits, offering…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2026-02-16 Yifei Jiao , Bin Cheng , Hexi Baoyin

Using in situ measurements and remote-sensing observations, we study a coronal mass ejection (CME) that left the Sun on 9 July 2013 and impacted both Mercury and Earth while the planets were in radial alignment (within $3^\circ$). The CME…

空间物理 · 物理学 2020-05-06 N. Lugaz , R. M. Winslow , C. J. Farrugia

Detecting massive satellites of extrasolar planets has now become feasible, which led naturally to questions about their habitability. In a previous study we presented constraints on the habitability of moons from stellar and planetary…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-11 René Heller

Moons orbiting extrasolar planets are the next class of object to be observed and characterized for possible habitability. Like the host-planets to their host-star, exomoons have a limiting radius at which they may be gravitationally bound,…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-16 Natalie R. Hinkel , Stephen R. Kane

Planet-planet scattering is the leading mechanism to explain the broad eccentricity distribution of observed giant exoplanets. Here we study the orbital stability of primordial giant planet moons in this scenario. We use N-body simulations…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2018-01-24 Yu-Cian Hong , Sean N. Raymond , Philip D. Nicholson , Jonathan I. Lunine

It is known that most of the craters on the surface of the Moon were created by the collision of minor bodies of the Solar System. Main Belt Asteroids, which can approach the terrestrial planets as a consequence of different types of…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2010-04-12 Elisa Maria Alessi , Gerard Gómez , Josep J. Masdemont

The classical scenario of terrestrial planet formation is characterized by a phase of giant impacts among Moon-to-Mars mass planetary embryos. While the classic model and its adaptations have produced adequate analogs of the outer three…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2022-08-17 P. Franco , A. Izidoro , O. C. Winter , K. S. Torres , A. Amarante

Lunar ejecta, produced by meteoroidal impacts, have been proposed for the origin of the near-Earth asteroid (469219) Kamo'oalewa, supported by its unusually Earth-like orbit and L-type reflectance spectrum (Sharkey et al., 2021). In a…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2025-04-16 Jose Daniel Castro-Cisneros , Renu Malhotra , Aaron J. Rosengren

According to the giant impact theory, the Moon formed by accreting the circum-terrestrial debris disk produced by Theia colliding with the proto-Earth. The giant impact theory can explain most of the properties of the Earth-Moon system,…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2025-05-15 Wenshuai Liu

The leading-trailing asymmetry in lunar crater distribution provides a critical record of inner solar system dynamics, yet the long-standing discrepancy between the observed higher asymmetry and lower theoretical predictions indicates a gap…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2026-05-12 Hailiang Li , Xiaoping Zhang , Li-Yong Zhou