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Fully test-time adaptation (FTTA) adapts a model that is trained on a source domain to a target domain during the testing phase, where the two domains follow different distributions and source data is unavailable during the training phase.…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2023-12-15 Houcheng Su , Daixian Liu , Mengzhu Wang , Wei Wang

Test-Time Adaptation aims to adapt source domain model to testing data at inference stage with success demonstrated in adapting to unseen corruptions. However, these attempts may fail under more challenging real-world scenarios. Existing…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-27 Yongyi Su , Xun Xu , Kui Jia

Continual Test-Time Adaptation (CTTA) aims to adapt a pretrained model to ever-changing environments during the test time under continuous domain shifts. Most existing CTTA approaches are based on the Mean Teacher (MT) structure, which…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-07-03 Jiaxu Tian , Fan Lyu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have improved substantially alignment, yet their behavior remains highly sensitive to prompt phrasing. This brittleness has motivated automated prompt engineering, but most existing methods (i) require a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-05 Bartosz Dziuba , Kacper Kuchta , Paweł Batorski , Przemysław Spurek , Paul Swoboda

Continual test-time adaptation (CTTA) has recently emerged to adapt a pre-trained source model to continuously evolving target distributions, which accommodates the dynamic nature of real-world environments. To mitigate the risk of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-12-13 Chaoran Cui , Yongrui Zhen , Shuai Gong , Chunyun Zhang , Hui Liu , Yilong Yin

Test-time adaptation with pre-trained vision-language models has attracted increasing attention for tackling distribution shifts during the test time. Though prior studies have achieved very promising performance, they involve intensive…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-03-28 Adilbek Karmanov , Dayan Guan , Shijian Lu , Abdulmotaleb El Saddik , Eric Xing

Test-time training (TTT) enhances model performance by explicitly updating designated parameters prior to each prediction to adapt to the test data. While TTT has demonstrated considerable empirical success, its theoretical underpinnings…

机器学习 · 统计学 2026-02-03 Kento Kuwataka , Taiji Suzuki

Active learning aims to develop label-efficient algorithms by querying the most representative samples to be labeled by a human annotator. Current active learning techniques either rely on model uncertainty to select the most uncertain…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2021-03-31 Sayna Ebrahimi , William Gan , Dian Chen , Giscard Biamby , Kamyar Salahi , Michael Laielli , Shizhan Zhu , Trevor Darrell

Since autonomous driving systems usually face dynamic and ever-changing environments, continual test-time adaptation (CTTA) has been proposed as a strategy for transferring deployed models to continually changing target domains. However,…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-04-01 Jiayi Ni , Senqiao Yang , Ran Xu , Jiaming Liu , Xiaoqi Li , Wenyu Jiao , Zehui Chen , Yi Liu , Shanghang Zhang

Pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs), exemplified by CLIP, demonstrate remarkable adaptability across zero-shot classification tasks without additional training. However, their performance diminishes in the presence of domain shifts.…

Active learning (AL) techniques reduce labeling costs for training neural machine translation (NMT) models by selecting smaller representative subsets from unlabeled data for annotation. Diversity sampling techniques select heterogeneous…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-19 Abdul Hameed Azeemi , Ihsan Ayyub Qazi , Agha Ali Raza

Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims to mitigate performance degradation under distribution shifts by updating model parameters during inference. Existing approaches have primarily framed adaptation around affine modulation, focusing on…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-30 Hyeongyu Kim , Geonhui Han , Dosik Hwang

This article presents a comprehensive survey of online test-time adaptation (OTTA), focusing on effectively adapting machine learning models to distributionally different target data upon batch arrival. Despite the recent proliferation of…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-07-19 Zixin Wang , Yadan Luo , Liang Zheng , Zhuoxiao Chen , Sen Wang , Zi Huang

Continual Test-Time Adaptation (CTTA) task investigates effective domain adaptation under the scenario of continuous domain shifts during testing time. Due to the utilization of solely unlabeled samples, there exists significant uncertainty…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-18 Fan Lyu , Kaile Du , Yuyang Li , Hanyu Zhao , Fuyuan Hu , Zhang Zhang , Guangcan Liu , Liang Wang

Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) enhances model robustness to out-of-distribution (OOD) data by updating the model online during inference, yet existing methods lack theoretical insights into the fundamental causes of performance degradation…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-04-07 Xiao Chen , Zhongjing Du , Jiazhen Huang , Xu Jiang , Li Lu , Jingyan Jiang , Zhi Wang

This paper investigates test-time adaptation (TTA) for regression, where a regression model pre-trained in a source domain is adapted to an unknown target distribution with unlabeled target data. Although regression is one of the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-01-24 Kazuki Adachi , Shin'ya Yamaguchi , Atsutoshi Kumagai , Tomoki Hamagami

In Test-time Adaptation (TTA), given a source model, the goal is to adapt it to make better predictions for test instances from a different distribution than the source. Crucially, TTA assumes no access to the source data or even any…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-09-08 Ansh Khurana , Sujoy Paul , Piyush Rai , Soma Biswas , Gaurav Aggarwal

Hyperspectral image (HSI) classification models are highly sensitive to distribution shifts caused by real-world degradations such as noise, blur, compression, and atmospheric effects. To address this challenge, we propose HyperTTA…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-09-23 Xia Yue , Anfeng Liu , Ning Chen , Chenjia Huang , Hui Liu , Zhou Huang , Leyuan Fang

Deep learning models have demonstrated exceptional performance across a wide range of computer vision tasks. However, their performance often degrades significantly when faced with distribution shifts, such as domain or dataset changes.…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-07-09 Samuel Barbeau , Pedram Fekri , David Osowiechi , Ali Bahri , Moslem Yazdanpanah , Masih Aminbeidokhti , Christian Desrosiers

Test-time adaptation (TTA) enables efficient adaptation of deployed models, yet it often leads to poorly calibrated predictive uncertainty - a critical issue in high-stakes domains such as autonomous driving, finance, and healthcare.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-09 Gilhyun Nam , Taewon Kim , Joonhyun Jeong , Eunho Yang