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The operational space of an autonomous vehicle (AV) can be diverse and vary significantly. This may lead to a scenario that was not postulated in the design phase. Due to this, formulating a rule based decision maker for selecting maneuvers…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2019-04-02 Subramanya Nageshrao , Eric Tseng , Dimitar Filev

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) allows us to train models, such as language models (LMs), to follow complex human preferences. In RLHF for LMs, we first train an LM using supervised fine-tuning, sample pairs of responses,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-22 Johannes Ackermann , Takashi Ishida , Masashi Sugiyama

Offline reinforcement learning requires reconciling two conflicting aims: learning a policy that improves over the behavior policy that collected the dataset, while at the same time minimizing the deviation from the behavior policy so as to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-10-13 Ilya Kostrikov , Ashvin Nair , Sergey Levine

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has opened up new opportunities to enhance existing smart systems that generally include a complex decision-making process. However, modern RL algorithms, e.g., Deep Q-Networks (DQN), are based on deep neural…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-06-22 Yang Ni , Danny Abraham , Mariam Issa , Yeseong Kim , Pietro Mercati , Mohsen Imani

Most deep reinforcement learning (RL) systems are not able to learn effectively from off-policy data, especially if they cannot explore online in the environment. These are critical shortcomings for applying RL to real-world problems where…

Deep reinforcement learning algorithms require large amounts of experience to learn an individual task. While in principle meta-reinforcement learning (meta-RL) algorithms enable agents to learn new skills from small amounts of experience,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-03-21 Kate Rakelly , Aurick Zhou , Deirdre Quillen , Chelsea Finn , Sergey Levine

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful data-driven control method that has been largely explored in autonomous driving tasks. However, conventional RL approaches learn control policies through trial-and-error interactions with the…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2021-11-03 Tianyu Shi , Dong Chen , Kaian Chen , Zhaojian Li

Many reinforcement learning algorithms, particularly those that rely on return estimates for policy improvement, can suffer from poor sample efficiency and training instability due to high-variance return estimates. In this paper we…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-06 Alexander W. Goodall , Edwin Hamel-De le Court , Francesco Belardinelli

Off-policy policy optimization is a challenging problem in reinforcement learning (RL). The algorithms designed for this problem often suffer from high variance in their estimators, which results in poor sample efficiency, and have issues…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-09-15 Daoming Lyu , Qi Qi , Mohammad Ghavamzadeh , Hengshuai Yao , Tianbao Yang , Bo Liu

Offline safe reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a promising approach for learning safe behaviors without engaging in risky online interactions with the environment. Most existing methods in offline safe RL rely on cost constraints…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-04-22 Ze Gong , Akshat Kumar , Pradeep Varakantham

By reusing data throughout training, off-policy deep reinforcement learning algorithms offer improved sample efficiency relative to on-policy approaches. For continuous action spaces, the most popular methods for off-policy learning include…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-12-01 Jared Markowitz , Jesse Silverberg , Gary Collins

Recently, safe reinforcement learning (RL) with the actor-critic structure for continuous control tasks has received increasing attention. It is still challenging to learn a near-optimal control policy with safety and convergence…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-06 Xinglong Zhang , Yaoqian Peng , Biao Luo , Wei Pan , Xin Xu , Haibin Xie

Motivated by the many real-world applications of reinforcement learning (RL) that require safe-policy iterations, we consider the problem of off-policy evaluation (OPE) -- the problem of evaluating a new policy using the historical data…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-04-02 Tengyang Xie , Yifei Ma , Yu-Xiang Wang

Offline policy learning is aimed at learning decision-making policies using existing datasets of trajectories without collecting additional data. The primary motivation for using reinforcement learning (RL) instead of supervised learning…

The objective of offline RL is to learn optimal policies when a fixed exploratory demonstrations data-set is available and sampling additional observations is impossible (typically if this operation is either costly or rises ethical…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-06-10 Firas Jarboui , Vianney Perchet

Off-policy deep reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms are incapable of learning solely from batch offline data without online interactions with the environment, due to the phenomenon known as \textit{extrapolation error}. This is often due…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-12-03 Riashat Islam , Komal K. Teru , Deepak Sharma , Joelle Pineau

In this paper, the inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) problem is addressed to reconstruct the unknown cost function underlying an observed optimal policy in a model-free manner, whose online adaptation with completely off-policy system…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2025-11-20 Yibei Li , Yuexin Cao , Zhixin Liu , Lihua Xie

Reinforcement learning plays a crucial role in vehicle control by guiding agents to learn optimal control strategies through designing or learning appropriate reward signals. However, in vehicle control applications, rewards typically need…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-04-21 Jielong Yang , Daoyuan Huang

This paper prescribes a suite of techniques for off-policy Reinforcement Learning (RL) that simplify the training process and reduce the sample complexity. First, we show that simple Deterministic Policy Gradient works remarkably well as…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-06-30 Rasool Fakoor , Pratik Chaudhari , Alexander J. Smola

From a first-principles perspective, it may seem odd that the strongest results in foundation model fine-tuning (FT) are achieved via a relatively complex, two-stage training procedure. Specifically, one first trains a reward model (RM) on…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-20 Gokul Swamy , Sanjiban Choudhury , Wen Sun , Zhiwei Steven Wu , J. Andrew Bagnell