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Large Language Models (LLMs) are vulnerable to prompt injection attacks, and several defenses have recently been proposed, often claiming to mitigate these attacks successfully. However, we argue that existing studies lack a principled…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-27 Yuqi Jia , Zedian Shao , Yupei Liu , Jinyuan Jia , Dawn Song , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

Prompt injection attacks pose a significant challenge to the safe deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) in real-world applications. While prompt-based detection offers a lightweight and interpretable defense strategy, its effectiveness…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-10 Ting-Chun Liu , Ching-Yu Hsu , Kuan-Yi Lee , Chi-An Fu , Hung-yi Lee

Large language models (LLMs) and their applications, such as agents, are highly vulnerable to prompt injection attacks. State-of-the-art prompt injection detection methods have the following limitations: (1) their effectiveness degrades…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-02 Yanting Wang , Wei Zou , Runpeng Geng , Jinyuan Jia

The generalization capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to their widespread deployment across various applications. However, this increased adoption has introduced several security threats, notably in the forms of…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-08-04 Francesco Panebianco , Stefano Bonfanti , Francesco Trovò , Michele Carminati

A prompt injection attack aims to inject malicious instruction/data into the input of an LLM-Integrated Application such that it produces results as an attacker desires. Existing works are limited to case studies. As a result, the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-11-13 Yupei Liu , Yuqi Jia , Runpeng Geng , Jinyuan Jia , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

LLM-integrated applications are vulnerable to prompt injection attacks, where an attacker contaminates the input to inject malicious instructions, causing the LLM to follow the attacker's intent instead of the original user's. Existing…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-27 Wei Zou , Yupei Liu , Yanting Wang , Ying Chen , Neil Gong , Jinyuan Jia

LLM-powered applications routinely embed secrets in system prompts, yet models can be tricked into revealing them. We built an adaptive attacker that evolves its strategies over hundreds of rounds and tested it against nine defense…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-14 Priyal Deep , Shane Emmons , Amy Fox , Kyle Bacon , Kelley McAllister , Peter Ortiz , Krisztian Flautner

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as promising tools for evaluating Natural Language Generation (NLG) tasks, their effectiveness is limited by their inability to appropriately weigh the importance of different topics, often…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-20 Wenwen Xie , Gray Gwizdz , Dongji Feng

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in interactive and retrieval-augmented systems, but they remain vulnerable to prompt injection attacks, where injected secondary prompts force the model to deviate from the user's…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-02 Md Jahedur Rahman , Ihsen Alouani

Large Language Models (LLMs) are vulnerable to jailbreaking attacks that lead to generation of inappropriate or harmful content. Manual red-teaming requires a time-consuming search for adversarial prompts, whereas automatic adversarial…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-04 Anselm Paulus , Arman Zharmagambetov , Chuan Guo , Brandon Amos , Yuandong Tian

Large Language Models (LLMs) are often used as automated judges to evaluate text, but their effectiveness can be hindered by various unintentional biases. We propose using linear classifying probes, trained by leveraging differences between…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-25 Sharan Maiya , Yinhong Liu , Ramit Debnath , Anna Korhonen

Safety, security, and compliance are essential requirements when aligning large language models (LLMs). However, many seemingly aligned LLMs are soon shown to be susceptible to jailbreak attacks. These attacks aim to circumvent the models'…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-05 Chen Xiong , Xiangyu Qi , Pin-Yu Chen , Tsung-Yi Ho

Prompt injection has emerged as a critical vulnerability in large language model (LLM) deployments, yet existing research is heavily weighted toward defenses. The attack side -- specifically, which injection strategies are most effective…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-07 Jackson Wang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have gained significant attention recently, showing remarkable potential in artificial general intelligence. However, assessing the utility of MLLMs presents considerable challenges, primarily due to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-12 Dongping Chen , Ruoxi Chen , Shilin Zhang , Yinuo Liu , Yaochen Wang , Huichi Zhou , Qihui Zhang , Yao Wan , Pan Zhou , Lichao Sun

This paper proposes a jailbreaking prompt detection method for large language models (LLMs) to defend against jailbreak attacks. Although recent LLMs are equipped with built-in safeguards, it remains possible to craft jailbreaking prompts…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Zheng Lin , Zhenxing Niu , Haoxuan Ji , Yuzhe Huang , Haichang Gao

Evolutionary prompt optimization has demonstrated effectiveness in refining prompts for LLMs. However, existing approaches lack robust operators and efficient evaluation mechanisms. In this work, we propose several key improvements to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-10 Daniel Grießhaber , Maximilian Kimmich , Johannes Maucher , Ngoc Thang Vu

Argument mining (AM) is an interdisciplinary research field that integrates insights from logic, philosophy, linguistics, rhetoric, law, psychology, and computer science. It involves the automatic identification and extraction of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-25 Marcin Pietroń , Rafał Olszowski , Jakub Gomułka , Filip Gampel , Andrzej Tomski

Extractive reading comprehension question answering (QA) datasets are typically evaluated using Exact Match (EM) and F1-score, but these metrics often fail to fully capture model performance. With the success of large language models…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-23 Xanh Ho , Jiahao Huang , Florian Boudin , Akiko Aizawa

Large language models have gained widespread prominence, yet their vulnerability to prompt injection and other adversarial attacks remains a critical concern. This paper argues for a security-by-design AI paradigm that proactively mitigates…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-02 Dalal Alharthi , Ivan Roberto Kawaminami Garcia

LLM-as-a-Judge has emerged as a promising alternative to human evaluators across various tasks, yet inherent biases - particularly position bias, the tendency to favor solutions based on their position within the prompt - compromise its…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-12 Lin Shi , Chiyu Ma , Wenhua Liang , Xingjian Diao , Weicheng Ma , Soroush Vosoughi