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In the learning to learn (L2L) framework, we cast the design of optimization algorithms as a machine learning problem and use deep neural networks to learn the update rules. In this paper, we extend the L2L framework to zeroth-order (ZO)…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-02-10 Yangjun Ruan , Yuanhao Xiong , Sashank Reddi , Sanjiv Kumar , Cho-Jui Hsieh

Large language models (LLMs) process and predict sequences containing text to answer questions, and address tasks including document summarization, providing recommendations, writing software and solving quantitative problems. We provide a…

数值分析 · 数学 2026-02-02 Ricardo Baptista , Andrew Stuart , Son Tran

In this tutorial article, we aim to provide the reader with the conceptual tools needed to get started on research on offline reinforcement learning algorithms: reinforcement learning algorithms that utilize previously collected data,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-11-03 Sergey Levine , Aviral Kumar , George Tucker , Justin Fu

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate that chain-of-thought prompting and deep reasoning substantially enhance performance on complex tasks, and multi-agent systems can further improve accuracy by enabling model…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-16 Zehui Ling , Deshu Chen , Yichi Zhang , Yuchen Liu , Xigui Li , Xin Guo , Yuan Cheng

Model-Based Reinforcement Learning (MBRL) is one category of Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms which can improve sampling efficiency by modeling and approximating system dynamics. It has been widely adopted in the research of robotics,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-03-17 Linsen Dong , Guanyu Gao , Xinyi Zhang , Liangyu Chen , Yonggang Wen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced artificial intelligence by optimizing traditional Natural Language Processing (NLP) workflows, facilitating their integration into various systems. Many such NLP systems, including…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-13 Jiliang Ni , Jiachen Pu , Zhongyi Yang , Kun Zhou , Hui Wang , Xiaoliang Xiao , Dakui Wang , Xin Li , Jingfeng Luo , Conggang Hu

Reinforcement learning has shown promise in learning policies that can solve complex problems. However, manually specifying a good reward function can be difficult, especially for intricate tasks. Inverse reinforcement learning offers a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2017-11-28 Peter Henderson , Wei-Di Chang , Pierre-Luc Bacon , David Meger , Joelle Pineau , Doina Precup

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has proven effective in aligning large language models with human intentions, yet it often relies on complex methodologies like Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) that require extensive…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-08-30 Han Xia , Songyang Gao , Qiming Ge , Zhiheng Xi , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

In recent years, training methods centered on Reinforcement Learning (RL) have markedly enhanced the reasoning and alignment performance of Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly in understanding human intents, following user…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-23 Keliang Liu , Dingkang Yang , Ziyun Qian , Weijie Yin , Yuchi Wang , Hongsheng Li , Jun Liu , Peng Zhai , Yang Liu , Lihua Zhang

The central challenge of reinforcement learning for reasoning lies not only in the sparsity of outcome-level supervision, but more fundamentally in how to transform feedback provided only at the end of a sequence into fine-grained learning…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Fei Ding , Yongkang Zhang , Runhao Liu , Yuhao Liao , Zijian Zeng , Sibo wang , Huiming Yang

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has become a pivotal approach for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, a significant theoretical gap persists, as traditional token-level RL frameworks fail to align with…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-09-26 Zeyu Gan , Hao Yi , Yong Liu

The performance of reinforcement learning depends upon designing an appropriate action space, where the effect of each action is measurable, yet, granular enough to permit flexible behavior. So far, this process involved non-trivial user…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-06-08 Edoardo Cetin , Oya Celiktutan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong capabilities in language understanding and reasoning across diverse domains. Recently, there has been increasing interest in utilizing LLMs not merely as assistants in optimization tasks, but…

神经与进化计算 · 计算机科学 2025-10-10 Jie Zhao , Tao Wen , Kang Hao Cheong

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a transformative approach for aligning and enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs), addressing critical challenges in instruction following, ethical alignment, and reasoning capabilities. This…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-07-08 Saksham Sahai Srivastava , Vaneet Aggarwal

Enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) typically relies on massive computational resources and extensive datasets, limiting accessibility for resource-constrained settings. Our study investigates the potential…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-21 Quy-Anh Dang , Chris Ngo

Large language models (LLMs) call for extension of context to handle many critical applications. However, the existing approaches are prone to expensive costs and inferior quality of context extension. In this work, we propose Extensible…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-02-20 Ninglu Shao , Shitao Xiao , Zheng Liu , Peitian Zhang

This article introduces the concept of optimization learning, a methodology to design optimization proxies that learn the input/output mapping of parametric optimization problems. These optimization proxies are trustworthy by design: they…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2025-01-08 Pascal Van Hentenryck

End-to-end design of dialogue systems has recently become a popular research topic thanks to powerful tools such as encoder-decoder architectures for sequence-to-sequence learning. Yet, most current approaches cast human-machine dialogue…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2017-03-17 Florian Strub , Harm de Vries , Jeremie Mary , Bilal Piot , Aaron Courville , Olivier Pietquin

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong code generation capabilities, yet the runtime performance of generated code is not guaranteed, and there have been few attempts to train LLMs using runtime performance as a reward in the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-13 Ryo Mikasa , Shun-ichiro Hayashi , Daichi Mukunoki , Tetsuya Hoshino , Takahiro Katagiri

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities across diverse tasks, yet aligning them efficiently and effectively with human expectations remains a critical challenge. This thesis advances LLM alignment by introducing novel…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-12 Yuxin Jiang