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Nonprobability (convenience) samples are increasingly sought to reduce the estimation variance for one or more population variables of interest that are estimated using a randomized survey (reference) sample by increasing the effective…

In this paper, the authors first provide an overview of two major developments on complex survey data analysis: the empirical likelihood methods and statistical inference with non-probability survey samples, and highlight the important…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2025-08-14 Yilin Chen , Pengfei Li , J. N. K. Rao , Changbao Wu

This paper develops an updatable inverse probability weighting (UIPW) estimation for the generalized linear models with response missing at random in streaming data sets. A two-step online updating algorithm is provided for the proposed…

统计理论 · 数学 2023-10-10 Xianhua Zhang , Lu lin , Qihua Wang

In this paper we study predictive mean matching mass imputation estimators to integrate data from probability and non-probability samples. We consider two approaches: matching predicted to predicted ($\hat{y}-\hat{y}$~matching; PMM A) and…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2024-06-18 Piotr Chlebicki , Łukasz Chrostowski , Maciej Beręsewicz

Surveys usually suffer from non-response, which decreases the effective sample size. Item non-response is typically handled by means of some form of random imputation if we wish to preserve the distribution of the imputed variable. This…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2017-08-04 Guillaume Chauvet , Wilfried Do Paco

Non-probability sampling is prevailing in survey sampling, but ignoring its selection bias leads to erroneous inferences. We offer a unified nonparametric calibration method to estimate the sampling weights for a non-probability sample by…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2022-04-21 Zhonglei Wang , Xiaojun Mao , Jae Kwang Kim

We consider the problem of integrating a small probability sample (ps) and a non-probability sample (nps). By definition, for the nps, there are no survey weights, but for the ps, there are survey weights. The key issue is that the nps,…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2023-05-17 Balgobin Nandram , JNK Rao

The recent proliferation of computers and the internet have opened new opportunities for collecting and processing data. However, such data are often obtained without a well-planned probability survey design. Such non-probability based…

应用统计 · 统计学 2024-06-28 Vladislav Beresovsky , Julie Gershunskaya , Terrance D. Savitsky

Estimating the average treatment causal effect in clustered data often involves dealing with unmeasured cluster-specific confounding variables. Such variables may be correlated with the measured unit covariates and outcome. When the…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2018-08-07 Zhulin He

Inverse probability weights are commonly used in epidemiology to estimate causal effects in observational studies. Researchers can typically focus on either the average treatment effect or the average treatment effect on the treated with…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2022-10-05 Eli Ben-Michael , Luke Keele

There is a growing trend among statistical agencies to explore non-probability data sources for producing more timely and detailed statistics, while reducing costs and respondent burden. Coverage and measurement error are two issues that…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2024-09-19 Lyndon Ang , Robert Clark , Bronwyn Loong , Anders Holmberg

Inverse propensity weighting (IPW) is a popular method for estimating treatment effects from observational data. However, its correctness relies on the untestable (and frequently implausible) assumption that all confounders have been…

统计理论 · 数学 2023-08-04 Jacob Dorn , Kevin Guo

Selection bias can hinder accurate estimation of association parameters in binary disease risk models using non-probability samples like electronic health records (EHRs). The issue is compounded when participants are recruited from multiple…

Inverse probability weighting (IPW) methods are commonly used to analyze non-ignorable missing data under the assumption of a logistic model for the missingness probability. However, solving IPW equations numerically may involve…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2025-07-24 Pengfei Li , Jing Qin , Yukun Liu

Inverse probability weighted estimators are the oldest and potentially most commonly used class of procedures for the estimation of causal effects. By adjusting for selection biases via a weighting mechanism, these procedures estimate an…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2021-07-06 Ashkan Ertefaie , Nima S. Hejazi , Mark J. van der Laan

Nonparametric estimators, such as the augmented inverse probability weighted (AIPW) estimator, have become increasingly popular in causal inference. Numerous nonparametric estimators have been proposed, but they are all asymptotically…

统计理论 · 数学 2026-02-17 Hongxiang Qiu

Survey data often arises from complex sampling designs, such as stratified or multistage sampling, with unequal inclusion probabilities. When sampling is informative, traditional inference methods yield biased estimators and poor coverage.…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2025-04-17 Snigdha Das , Dipankar Bandyopadhyay , Debdeep Pati

Causal inference requires evaluating models on balanced distributions between treatment and control groups, while training data often exhibits imbalance due to historical decision-making policies. Most conventional statistical methods…

机器学习 · 统计学 2025-11-21 Akira Tanimoto

Nonprobability (convenience) samples are increasingly sought to stabilize estimations for one or more population variables of interest that are performed using a randomized survey (reference) sample by increasing the effective sample size.…

Non-probability sampling, for example in the form of online panels, has become a fast and cheap method to collect data. While reliable inference tools are available for classical probability samples, non-probability samples can yield…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2022-04-05 Gerhard Tutz