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When making contact with an undercooled target, a drop freezes. The colder the target is, the more rapid the freezing is supposed to be. In this research, we explore the impact of droplets on cold granular material. As the undercooling…

We experimentally investigate the effect of freezing on the spreading of a water drop. Whenever a water drop impacts a cold surface, whose temperature is lower than 0{\deg}C, a thin layer of ice grows during the spreading. This freezing has…

We have studied the splashing dynamics of water drops impacting granular layers. Depending on the drop kinetic energy, various shapes are observed for the resulting craters. Experimental parameters that have been considered are : the size…

Freezing or solidification of impacting droplets is omnipresent in nature and technology, be it a rain droplet falling on a supercooled surface, be it in inkjet printing where often molten wax is used, be it in added manufacturing or in…

Impact of a droplet on an undercooled surface is a complex phenomenon as it simultaneously instigates several physical processes that cover a broad spectrum of transport phenomena and phase-transition. Here, we report and explain an…

In this work we measured Surface Energy and Freezing Temperature of supercooled water droplets in air. We find that freezing of water droplets is triggered at the water-air interface and that freezing progresses faster on the surface than…

Surface icing affects the safety and performance of numerous processes in technology. Previous studies mostly investigated freezing of individual droplets. The interaction among multiple droplets during freezing is investigated less,…

The effect of freezing on contact line motion is a scientific challenge in the understanding of the solidification of capillary flows. In this letter, we experimentally investigate the spreading and freezing of a water droplet on a cold…

Condensation and frost formation degrade the heat transfer performance of air-conditioners and refrigerators. Yet, the frost formation mechanism has not been fully understood. In the present study, we numerically investigated H2O droplets…

Water droplet freezing is a common phenomenon in our daily life. In both natural scenarios and industrial production, different surface inclinations bring distinctive deformation and freezing dynamics to frozen droplets. We explore the…

We report frozen patterns for the water droplets impacting on a cold substrate through fast-speed images. These patterns can be manipulated by several physical parameters (the droplet size, falling height, and substrate temperature), and…

There hardly is a fluid mechanics phenomenon attracting more attention than the impact of a droplet, due to its undeniable beauty, many applications and the numerous challenges it poses. One of the crucial factors turns out to be the…

The structural evolution of suspensions upon freezing is studied with optical microscopy in a suspended droplet configuration. Droplets have millimeter size and consist in an aqueous mixture of silica particles while the surroundings phase…

Freezing of water droplets placed on the bare and superhydrophobic surfaces of polymer wedges are studied both experimentally and computationally. Two-dimensional numerical calculations of the transient temperature field in a chilled…

Drop impact events on wet granular bed show rich variety by changing the substrate composition. We observe the drop impact onto dry/wet granular substrates with different grain size (50-400 {\mu}m) and water content (0-22 vol %). Although…

Would a raindrop impacting on a coarse beach behave differently from that impacting on a desert of fine sand? We study this question by a series of model experiments, where the packing density of the granular target, the wettability of…

This paper is dedicated to the solidification of a water drop impacting a cold solid surface. In a first part, we establish a 1D solidification model, derived from the Stefan problem, that aims at predicting the freezing dynamic of a liquid…

The freezing of a sessile droplet unveils fascinating physics, characterised by the emergence of a frost halo on the underlying substrate, the progression of the liquid-ice interface, and the formation of a cusp-like morphology at the tip…

Understanding the solidification dynamics of impacted water droplets is fundamental and crucial for applications, especially with the presence of frost and salt. Here, we experimentally investigate the spreading and freezing dynamics of…

Phase change under reduced environmental pressures is key to understanding liquid discharge and propulsion processes for aerospace applications. A representative case is the sessile water droplets exposed to high vacuum, which experience…