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Quantum states can quickly decohere through interaction with the environment. Quantum error correction is a method for preserving coherence through active feedback. Quantum error correction encodes the quantum information into a logical…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-12-19 Shilin Huang , Kenneth R. Brown , Marko Cetina

Fault-tolerant quantum error correction requires the measurement of error syndromes in a way that minimizes correlated errors on the quantum data. Steane and Shor ancilla are two well-known methods for fault-tolerant syndrome extraction. In…

量子物理 · 物理学 2021-09-08 Shilin Huang , Kenneth R. Brown

Steane's seven-qubit quantum code is a natural choice for fault-tolerance experiments because it is small and just two extra qubits are enough to correct errors. However, the two-qubit error-correction technique, known as "flagged" syndrome…

量子物理 · 物理学 2020-12-07 Ben W. Reichardt

A Bacon-Shor code is a subsystem quantum error-correcting code on an $L \times L$ lattice where the $2(L-1)$ weight-$2L$ stabilizers are usually inferred from the measurements of $(L-1)^2$ weight-2 gauge operators. Here we show that the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2018-11-14 Muyuan Li , Daniel Miller , Kenneth R. Brown

Building reliable quantum computers requires protecting fragile quantum states from inevitable environmental noise and operational errors. While quantum error correction codes like the Steane $[\![7,1,3]\!]$ code provide elegant theoretical…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-01-14 Soham Bhadra , Diyansha Singh , Angana Chowdhury

Flag-style fault-tolerance has become a linchpin in the realization of small fault-tolerant quantum-error correction experiments. The flag protocol's utility hinges on low qubit overhead, which is typically much smaller than in other…

To perform achieve fault-tolerant quantum computation, one can use flagged syndrome extraction with fewer ancilla qubits. However, it suffers from long circuit depth if one stabilizer is measured at a time. Previously, Reichardt showed that…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-02-20 Pei-Hao Liou , Ching-Yi Lai

We establish a new performance benchmark for the fault-tolerant syndrome extraction of [[7, 1, 3]] Steane code with a dynamic protocol. Our method is built on two highly optimized circuits derived using fault-equivalent ZX-rewrites: a…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-11-18 Boldizsár Poór , Benjamin Rodatz , Aleks Kissinger

We optimize fault-tolerant quantum error correction to reduce the number of syndrome bit measurements. Speeding up error correction will also speed up an encoded quantum computation, and should reduce its effective error rate. We give both…

量子物理 · 物理学 2020-08-13 Nicolas Delfosse , Ben W. Reichardt

It is not so well-known that measurement-free quantum error correction protocols can be designed to achieve fault-tolerant quantum computing. Despite the potential advantages of using such protocols in terms of the relaxation of accuracy,…

量子物理 · 物理学 2010-09-02 Gerardo A. Paz-Silva , Gavin K. Brennen , Jason Twamley

We explore the effect of Shor state construction methods on logical state encoding and quantum error correction for the [[7,1,3]] Calderbank-Shor-Steane quantum error correction code in a nonequiprobable error environment. We determine the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2015-06-03 Yaakov S. Weinstein , Sidney D. Buchbinder

Reliable quantum computation requires fault-tolerant protocols to prevent errors from propagating during syndrome extraction in quantum error correction. We present a novel fault-tolerant syndrome extraction technique for CSS codes, which…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-04-21 Diego Forlivesi , Lorenzo Valentini , Marco Chiani

Given that quantum error correction processes are unreliable, an efficient error syndrome extraction circuit should use fewer ancillary qubits, quantum gates, and measurements, while maintaining low circuit depth, to minimizing the circuit…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-07-14 Pei-Hao Liou , Ching-Yi Lai

We analyze the operation of a four-qubit Bacon-Shor code with simultaneous continuous measurement of non-commuting gauge operators. The error syndrome in this case is monitored via time-averaged cross-correlators of the output signals. We…

量子物理 · 物理学 2018-09-18 Juan Atalaya , Mohammad Bahrami , Leonid P. Pryadko , Alexander N. Korotkov

We study the performance of Bacon-Shor codes, quantum subsystem codes which are well suited for applications to fault-tolerant quantum memory because the error syndrome can be extracted by performing two-qubit measurements. Assuming…

量子物理 · 物理学 2013-02-12 John Napp , John Preskill

We analyze the latency of fault-tolerant quantum computing based on the 9-qubit Bacon-Shor code using a local, two-dimensional architecture. We embed the data qubits in a 7 by 7 array of physical qubits, where the extra qubits are used for…

量子物理 · 物理学 2008-05-29 Federico M. Spedalieri , Vwani P. Roychowdhury

We schedule the Steane [[7,1,3]] error correction on a model ion trap architecture with ballistic transport. We compare the level one error rates for syndrome extraction using the Shor method of ancilla prepared in verified cat states to…

In this work we explore the accuracy of quantum error correction depending of the order of the implemented syndrome measurements. CSS codes require bit-flip and phase flip-syndromes be measured separately. To comply with fault tolerant…

量子物理 · 物理学 2015-05-28 Yaakov S. Weinstein

Stabilizer states are extensively studied in quantum information theory for their structures based on the Pauli group. Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) stabilizer states are of particular importance in their application to fault-tolerant…

量子物理 · 物理学 2017-04-05 Ching-Yi Lai , Yi-Cong Zheng , Todd A. Brun

Quantum error correction is necessary to perform large-scale quantum computations in the presence of noise and decoherence. As a result, several aspects of quantum error correction have already been explored. These have been primarily…

量子物理 · 物理学 2021-08-05 Ariel Shlosberg , Anthony M. Polloreno , Graeme Smith
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