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Language-conditioned policies have recently gained substantial adoption in robotics as they allow users to specify tasks using natural language, making them highly versatile. While much research has focused on improving the action…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2025-04-25 Eugenio Chisari , Jan Ole von Hartz , Fabien Despinoy , Abhinav Valada

The growing use of large language models (LLMs) has increased the importance of natural language (NL) in software engineering. However, ambiguity of NL can harm software quality, as unclear problem descriptions may lead to incorrect program…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-09-25 Haoxiang Jia , Robbie Morris , He Ye , Federica Sarro , Sergey Mechtaev

Ambiguity remains a fundamental challenge in Natural Language Processing (NLP) due to the inherent complexity and flexibility of human language. With the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs), addressing ambiguity has become even more…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly utilized in various complex reasoning tasks due to their excellent instruction following capability. However, the model's performance is highly dependent on the open-ended characteristics of the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-28 Zhenzhen Huang , Chaoning Zhang , Fachrina Dewi Puspitasari , Jiaquan Zhang , Yitian Zhou , Shuxu Chen , Yang Yang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to make sense of ambiguous, open-textured, value-laden terms. Platforms routinely rely on LLMs for content moderation, asking them to label text based on disputed concepts like "hate…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2026-03-09 Shira Gur-Arieh , Angelina Wang , Sina Fazelpour

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a key paradigm for enhancing large language models (LLMs) by incorporating external knowledge. However, current RAG methods face two limitations: (1) they only cover limited RAG scenarios.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-01-03 Wanlong Liu , Junying Chen , Ke Ji , Li Zhou , Wenyu Chen , Benyou Wang

Despite the fact that large language models (LLMs) show exceptional skill in instruction following tasks, this strength can turn into a vulnerability when the models are required to disregard certain instructions. Instruction-following…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-12 Yerin Hwang , Yongil Kim , Jahyun Koo , Taegwan Kang , Hyunkyung Bae , Kyomin Jung

With the capabilities of understanding and executing natural language instructions, Large language models (LLMs) can potentially act as a powerful tool for textual data augmentation. However, the quality of augmented data depends heavily on…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-30 Yichuan Li , Kaize Ding , Jianling Wang , Kyumin Lee

In this work, we study a critical research problem regarding the trustworthiness of large language models (LLMs): how LLMs behave when encountering ambiguous narrative text, with a particular focus on Chinese textual ambiguity. We created a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-17 Xinwei Wu , Haojie Li , Hongyu Liu , Xinyu Ji , Ruohan Li , Yule Chen , Yigeng Zhang

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly advanced natural language processing, but these models often generate factually incorrect information, known as "hallucination". Initial retrieval-augmented generation (RAG)…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-12 Yujia Zhou , Zheng Liu , Zhicheng Dou

Natural Language Inference (NLI) datasets contain examples with highly ambiguous labels. While many research works do not pay much attention to this fact, several recent efforts have been made to acknowledge and embrace the existence of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-06-08 Johannes Mario Meissner , Napat Thumwanit , Saku Sugawara , Akiko Aizawa

Despite the strong abilities, large language models (LLMs) still suffer from hallucinations and reliance on outdated knowledge, raising concerns in knowledge-intensive tasks. Graph-based retrieval-augmented generation (GRAG) enriches LLMs…

Training large language models (LLMs) to follow instructions has significantly enhanced their ability to tackle unseen tasks. However, despite their strong generalization capabilities, instruction-following LLMs encounter difficulties when…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-29 Maja Stahl , Timon Ziegenbein , Joonsuk Park , Henning Wachsmuth

Education that suits the individual learning level is necessary to improve students' understanding. The first step in achieving this purpose by using large language models (LLMs) is to adjust the textual difficulty of the response to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-02-23 Seiji Gobara , Hidetaka Kamigaito , Taro Watanabe

Comprehending natural language and following human instructions are critical capabilities for intelligent agents. However, the flexibility of linguistic instructions induces substantial ambiguity across language-conditioned tasks, severely…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-24 Runpeng Xie , Quanwei Wang , Hao Hu , Zherui Zhou , Ni Mu , Xiyun Li , Yiqin Yang , Shuang Xu , Qianchuan Zhao , Bo XU

Large language model (LLM) evaluations often assume there is a single correct response -- a gold label -- for each item in the evaluation corpus. However, some tasks can be ambiguous -- i.e., they provide insufficient information to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-11-22 Luke Guerdan , Hanna Wallach , Solon Barocas , Alexandra Chouldechova

Software requirement ambiguity is ubiquitous in real-world development, stemming from the inherent imprecision of natural language and the varying interpretations of stakeholders. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-04-24 Di Yang , Xinou Xie , Xiuwen Yang , Ming Hu , Yihao Huang , Yueling Zhang , Weikai Miao , Ting Su , Chengcheng Wan , Geguang Pu

In safety-critical domains, linguistic ambiguity can have severe consequences; a vague command like "Pass me the vial" in a surgical setting could lead to catastrophic errors. Yet, most embodied AI research overlooks this, assuming…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-16 Jiayu Ding , Haoran Tang , Hongbo Jin , Wei Gao , Ge Li

Large language models (LLMs) have shown tremendous success in following user instructions and generating helpful responses. Nevertheless, their robustness is still far from optimal, as they may generate significantly inconsistent responses…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-03-25 Yukun Zhao , Lingyong Yan , Weiwei Sun , Guoliang Xing , Shuaiqiang Wang , Chong Meng , Zhicong Cheng , Zhaochun Ren , Dawei Yin

Inspired by the exceptional general intelligence of Large Language Models (LLMs), researchers have begun to explore their application in pioneering the next generation of recommender systems - systems that are conversational, explainable,…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2024-08-06 Wensheng Lu , Jianxun Lian , Wei Zhang , Guanghua Li , Mingyang Zhou , Hao Liao , Xing Xie