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Two common concerns raised in analyses of randomized experiments are (i) appropriately handling issues of non-compliance, and (ii) appropriately adjusting for multiple tests (e.g., on multiple outcomes or subgroups). Although simple…

Many popular piecewise regression models rely on minimizing a cost function on the model fit with a linear penalty on the number of segments. However, this penalty does not take into account varying complexities of the model functions on…

Background Most methods of adjusting for multiplicity focus primarily on controlling type I errors and rarely consider type II errors. We propose a new method that considers controlling for false-positive findings while ensuring sufficient…

Empirical research in the social and medical sciences frequently involves testing multiple hypotheses simultaneously, increasing the risk of false positives due to chance. Classical multiple testing procedures, such as the Bonferroni…

Bonferroni's correction is a popular tool to address multiplicity but is notorious for its low power when tests are dependent. This paper proposes a practical modification of Bonferroni's correction when test statistics are jointly normal…

During multiple testing, researchers often adjust their alpha level to control the familywise error rate for a statistical inference about a joint union alternative hypothesis (e.g., "H1,1 or H1,2"). However, in some cases, they do not make…

It is quite common in modern research, for a researcher to test many hypotheses. The statistical (frequentist) hypothesis testing framework, does not scale with the number of hypotheses in the sense that naively performing many hypothesis…

Multiple hypothesis testing is a significant problem in nearly all neuroimaging studies. In order to correct for this phenomena, we require a reliable estimate of the Family-Wise Error Rate (FWER). The well known Bonferroni correction…

Adjustment of statistical significance levels for repeated analysis in group sequential trials has been understood for some time. Similarly, methods for adjustment accounting for testing multiple hypotheses are common. There is limited…

We consider the problem of inference on the signs of $n>1$ parameters. We aim to provide $1-\alpha$ post-hoc confidence bounds on the number of positive and negative (or non-positive) parameters. The guarantee is simultaneous, for all…

In confirmatory clinical trials with small sample sizes, hypothesis tests based on asymptotic distributions are often not valid and exact non-parametric procedures are applied instead. However, the latter are based on discrete test…

Random Field Theory has been used in the fMRI literature to address the multiple comparisons problem. The method provides an analytical solution for the computation of precise p-values when its assumptions are met. When its assumptions are…

In this paper we introduce a novel procedure for improving multiple testing procedures (MTPs) under scenarios when the null hypothesis $p$-values tend to be stochastically larger than standard uniform (referred to as 'inflated'). An…

In this article, we derive and compare methods to derive \textit{p}-values and sets of confidence intervals with strong control of the family-wise error rates and coverage for estimates of treatment effects in cluster randomised trials with…

Multiple hypothesis testing practices vary widely, without consensus on which are appropriate when. This paper provides an economic foundation for these practices designed to capture leading examples, such as regulatory approval on the…

Most scientific disciplines use significance testing to draw conclusions about experimental or observational data. This classical approach provides a theoretical guarantee for controlling the number of false positives across a set of…

Imbalances in covariates between treatment groups are frequent in observational studies and can lead to biased comparisons. Various adjustment methods can be employed to correct these biases in the context of multi-level treatments ($>$ 2).…

After initial release of a machine learning algorithm, the model can be fine-tuned by retraining on subsequently gathered data, adding newly discovered features, or more. Each modification introduces a risk of deteriorating performance and…

Data augmentation has become an integral part of deep learning, as it is known to improve the generalization capabilities of neural networks. Since the most effective set of image transformations differs between tasks and domains, automatic…

Multiple testing problems are a staple of modern statistical analysis. The fundamental objective of multiple testing procedures is to reject as many false null hypotheses as possible (that is, maximize some notion of power), subject to…