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The widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT, Gemini, and DeepSeek has significantly changed how people approach tasks in education, professional work, and creative domains. This paper investigates how the…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2025-08-29 Rizal Khoirul Anam

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful re-rankers. Recent research has however showed that simple prompt injections embedded within a candidate document (i.e., jailbreak prompt attacks) can significantly alter an LLM's…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-20 Yu Yin , Shuai Wang , Bevan Koopman , Guido Zuccon

With the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs), generating rule-based data for real-world applications has become more accessible. Due to the inherent ambiguity of natural language and the complexity of rule sets, especially in long…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-21 Teng Wang , Zhenqi He , Wing-Yin Yu , Xiaojin Fu , Xiongwei Han

The interactive nature of Large Language Models (LLMs) theoretically allows models to refine and improve their answers, yet systematic analysis of the multi-turn behavior of LLMs remains limited. In this paper, we propose the FlipFlop…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-02-22 Philippe Laban , Lidiya Murakhovs'ka , Caiming Xiong , Chien-Sheng Wu

Test-time adaptation enables large language models (LLMs) to modify their behavior at inference without updating model parameters. A common approach is many-shot prompting, where large numbers of in-context learning (ICL) examples are…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-18 Shubhangi Upasani , Chen Wu , Jay Rainton , Bo Li , Urmish Thakker , Changran Hu , Qizheng Zhang

Current Large Language Model alignment research mostly focuses on improving model robustness against adversarial attacks and misbehavior by training on examples and prompting. Research has shown that LLM jailbreak probability increases with…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-18 Thomas Rivasseau

This paper investigates the influence of cognitive biases on Large Language Models (LLMs) outputs. Cognitive biases, such as confirmation and availability biases, can distort user inputs through prompts, potentially leading to unfaithful…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-17 Yan Sun , Stanley Kok

The ability of large language models (LLMs) to $``$learn in context$"$ based on the provided prompt has led to an explosive growth in their use, culminating in the proliferation of AI assistants such as ChatGPT, Claude, and Bard. These AI…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-05-30 Namrata Shivagunde , Vladislav Lialin , Sherin Muckatira , Anna Rumshisky

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising approach for aligning large language models (LLMs) knowledge with sequential decision-making tasks. However, few studies have thoroughly investigated the impact on LLM agents capabilities of…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are important tools for reasoning and problem-solving, while they often operate passively, answering questions without actively discovering new ones. This limitation reduces their ability to simulate human-like…

计算工程、金融与科学 · 计算机科学 2025-09-26 Hong Su

The ongoing revolution in language modeling has led to various novel applications, some of which rely on the emerging social abilities of large language models (LLMs). Already, many turn to the new cyber friends for advice during the…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2025-08-05 Ivan Zakazov , Mikolaj Boronski , Lorenzo Drudi , Robert West

Language models have steadily increased in size over the past few years. They achieve a high level of performance on various natural language processing (NLP) tasks such as question answering and summarization. Large language models (LLMs)…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-01-31 Jessica Huynh , Cathy Jiao , Prakhar Gupta , Shikib Mehri , Payal Bajaj , Vishrav Chaudhary , Maxine Eskenazi

Prompt sensitivity, referring to the phenomenon where paraphrasing (i.e., repeating something written or spoken using different words) leads to significant changes in large language model (LLM) performance, has been widely accepted as a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-03 Andong Hua , Kenan Tang , Chenhe Gu , Jindong Gu , Eric Wong , Yao Qin

Current benchmarks for evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) often do not exhibit enough writing style diversity, with many adhering primarily to standardized conventions. Such benchmarks do not fully capture the rich variety of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-29 Kimberly Le Truong , Riccardo Fogliato , Hoda Heidari , Zhiwei Steven Wu

The rise of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized natural language processing (NLP), yet the influence of prompt sentiment, a latent affective characteristic of input text, remains underexplored. This study systematically examines…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-19 Vishal Gandhi , Sagar Gandhi

Large Language Models (LLMs), like ChatGPT, have demonstrated vast potential but also introduce challenges related to content constraints and potential misuse. Our study investigates three key research questions: (1) the number of different…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2024-03-12 Yi Liu , Gelei Deng , Zhengzi Xu , Yuekang Li , Yaowen Zheng , Ying Zhang , Lida Zhao , Tianwei Zhang , Kailong Wang , Yang Liu

As the integration of the Large Language Models (LLMs) into various applications increases, so does their susceptibility to misuse, raising significant security concerns. Numerous jailbreak attacks have been proposed to assess the security…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-30 Bijoy Ahmed Saiem , MD Sadik Hossain Shanto , Rakib Ahsan , Md Rafi ur Rashid

Large language models (LLMs) have recently shown great potential for in-context learning, where LLMs learn a new task simply by conditioning on a few input-label pairs (prompts). Despite their potential, our understanding of the factors…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-09-12 Ruixiang Tang , Dehan Kong , Longtao Huang , Hui Xue

Most large language models (LLMs) are sensitive to prompts, and another synonymous expression or a typo may lead to unexpected results for the model. Composing an optimal prompt for a specific demand lacks theoretical support and relies…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-18 Zhenyu Zhang , Bingguang Hao , Jinpeng Li , Zekai Zhang , Dongyan Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized human-AI interaction by enabling intuitive task execution through natural language prompts. Despite their potential, designing effective prompts remains a significant challenge, as small…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-04-08 Yuetian Mao , Junjie He , Chunyang Chen