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Background/Context. The use of automated driving systems (ADSs) in the real world requires rigorous testing to ensure safety. To increase trust, ADSs should be tested on a large set of diverse road scenarios. Literature suggests that if a…

Background: Test flakiness is a major problem in the software industry. Flaky tests fail seemingly at random without changes to the code and thus impede continuous integration (CI). Some researchers argue that all tests can be considered…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2024-09-17 Alexander Berndt , Thomas Bach , Sebastian Baltes

Developers always wish to ensure that their latest changes to the code base do not break existing functionality. If test cases fail, they expect these failures to be connected to the submitted changes. Unfortunately, a flaky test can be the…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2021-09-10 Azeem Ahmad , Ola Leifler , Kristian Sandahl

Flaky tests produce inconsistent outcomes without code changes, creating major challenges for software developers. An industrial case study reported that developers spend 1.28% of their time repairing flaky tests at a monthly cost of…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-04-24 Owain Parry , Gregory Kapfhammer , Michael Hilton , Phil McMinn

Flaky tests can pass or fail non-deterministically, without alterations to a software system. Such tests are frequently encountered by developers and hinder the credibility of test suites. State-of-the-art research incorporates machine…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2024-03-05 Shizhe Lin , Ryan Zheng He Liu , Ladan Tahvildari

The safety and reliability of Automated Driving Systems (ADSs) must be validated prior to large-scale deployment. Among existing validation approaches, scenario-based testing has been regarded as a promising method to improve testing…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-01-05 Yongqi Zhao , Ji Zhou , Dong Bi , Tomislav Mihalj , Jia Hu , Arno Eichberger

Flaky tests yield different results when executed multiple times for the same version of the source code. Thus, they provide an ambiguous signal about the quality of the code and interfere with the automated assessment of code changes.…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-02-04 Alexander Berndt , Thomas Bach , Sebastian Baltes

Automated regression testing is a cornerstone of modern software development, often contributing directly to code review and Continuous Integration (CI). Yet some tests suffer from flakiness, where their outcomes vary non-deterministically.…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-05-29 Tao Xiao , Dong Wang , Shane McIntosh , Hideaki Hata , Yasutaka Kamei

Flaky tests are tests that pass and fail on different executions of the same version of a program under test. They waste valuable developer time by making developers investigate false alerts (flaky test failures). To deal with this problem,…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2023-02-22 Guillaume Haben , Sarra Habchi , Mike Papadakis , Maxime Cordy , Yves Le Traon

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) for Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS) are typically trained on real-world images and tested using synthetic simulator images. This approach results in training and test datasets with dissimilar distributions,…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2024-08-27 Mohammad Hossein Amini , Shiva Nejati

Simulation-based testing plays a critical role in evaluating the safety and reliability of autonomous driving systems (ADSs). However, one of the key challenges in ADS testing is the complexity of preparing and configuring simulation…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2024-12-18 Mingfei Cheng , Yuan Zhou , Xiaofei Xie

Flaky tests (tests with non-deterministic outcomes) pose a major challenge for software testing. They are known to cause significant issues such as reducing the effectiveness and efficiency of testing and delaying software releases. In…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2022-12-05 Shawn Rasheed , Amjed Tahir , Jens Dietrich , Negar Hashemi , Lu Zhang

Background. Automated test execution is an important activity to gather information about the quality of a software project. So-called flaky tests, however, negatively affect this process. Such tests fail seemingly at random without changes…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-03-02 Alexander Berndt , Zoltán Nochta , Thomas Bach

Flaky tests are a common problem in software testing. They produce inconsistent results when executed multiple times on the same code, invalidating the assumption that a test failure indicates a software defect. Recent work on LLM-based…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-01-15 Alexander Berndt , Thomas Bach , Rainer Gemulla , Marcus Kessel , Sebastian Baltes

A flaky test yields inconsistent results upon repetition, posing a significant challenge to software developers. An extensive study of their presence and characteristics has been done in classical computer software but not quantum computer…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-01-14 Lei Zhang , Andriy Miranskyy

Test flakiness, a non-deterministic behavior of builds irrelevant to code changes, is a major and continuing impediment to delivering reliable software. The very few techniques for the automated repair of test flakiness are specifically…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2024-04-16 Yang Chen , Reyhaneh Jabbarvand

Flaky tests have gained attention from the research community in recent years and with good reason. These tests lead to wasted time and resources, and they reduce the reliability of the test suites and build systems they affect. However,…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2021-03-05 Alan Romano , Zihe Song , Sampath Grandhi , Wei Yang , Weihang Wang

Autonomous driving systems (ADS) have achieved remarkable progress in recent years. However, ensuring their safety and reliability remains a critical challenge due to the complexity and uncertainty of driving scenarios. In this paper, we…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2024-12-19 Huiwen Yang , Yu Zhou , Taolue Chen

The increasing levels of software- and data-intensive driving automation call for an evolution of automotive software testing. As a recommended practice of the Verification and Validation (V&V) process of ISO/PAS 21448, a candidate standard…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2021-01-29 Markus Borg , Raja Ben Abdessalem , Shiva Nejati , Francois-Xavier Jegeden , Donghwan Shin

Simulation environments are essential for the continuous development of complex cyber-physical systems such as self-driving cars (SDCs). Previous results on simulation-based testing for SDCs have shown that many automatically generated…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2023-02-01 Christian Birchler , Nicolas Ganz , Sajad Khatiri , Alessio Gambi , Sebastiano Panichella