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We study the masses and radii of 65 exoplanets smaller than 4 Earth radii with orbital periods shorter than 100 days. We calculate the weighted mean densities of planets in bins of 0.5 Earth radii and identify a density maximum of 7.6 g/cc…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2014-02-18 Lauren M. Weiss , Geoffrey W. Marcy

The increasing precision of planetary mass and radius observations is bringing major questions about the structure and formation of planets--such as the nature of the radius valley and origin of super-Mercuries--within reach, demanding the…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2026-05-29 Bennett Neil Skinner , Ralph E. Pudritz , Ryan Cloutier

Recent studies regarding the habitability, observability, and possible orbital evolution of the indirectly detected exoplanet Proxima b have mostly assumed a planet with $M \sim 1.3$ $M_\oplus$, a rocky composition, and an Earth-like…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2017-03-08 Alex Bixel , Dániel Apai

Planetary systems with sufficiently small orbital spacings can experience planetary mergers and ejections. The branching ratio of mergers vs ejections depends sensitively on the treatment of planetary close encounters. Previous works have…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2020-12-16 Jiaru Li , Dong Lai , Kassandra R. Anderson , Bonan Pu

The distribution of small planet radius ($<$4 R$_\oplus$) is an indicator of the underlying processes governing planet formation and evolution. We investigate the correlation between the radius distribution of exoplanets in \textit{Kepler}…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2024-08-29 David R. Rice , Jason H. Steffen , Allona Vazan

Large mm surveys of star forming regions enable the study of entire populations of planet-forming disks and reveal correlations between their observable properties. Population studies of disks have shown that the correlation between disk…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2024-08-07 Luca Delussu , Tilman Birnstiel , Anna Miotello , Paola Pinilla , Giovanni Rosotti , Sean M. Andrews

The planet formation environment around M dwarf stars is different than around G dwarf stars. The longer hot protostellar phase, activity levels and lower protoplanetary disk mass of M dwarfs all may leave imprints on the composition…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2019-11-12 Andrew R Neil , Leslie A Rogers

Considering the huge computational resources required by smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations and the overestimation of post-collision materials from perfect merging, we develop a statistical method to deal with collisions…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2021-06-30 Lei Zhou , Rudolf Dvorak , Li-Yong Zhou

The major satellites of Jupiter and Saturn are believed to have formed in circumplanetary discs, which orbit forming giant protoplanets. Gas and dust in CPDs have different distributions and affect each other by drag, which varies with…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2023-01-25 Samuel M. Karlin , Olja Panić , Sven van Loo

While radial velocity surveys have demonstrated that the population of gas giants peaks around $3~\text{au}$, the most recent high-contrast imaging surveys have only been sensitive to planets beyond $\sim~10~\text{au}$. Sensitivity at small…

Rocky planets in compact configurations are the most common ones around M dwarfs. Many disks around very low mass stars (between 0.1 and 0.5 M$_\odot$) are rather compact and small (without observable substructures and radius less than 20…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2024-08-05 M. Sanchez , N. van der Marel , M. Lambrechts , G. D. Mulders , O. M. Guerra-Alvarado

Many processes during the evolution of protoplanetary disks and during planet formation are highly sensitive to the sizes of dust particles that are present in the disk: The efficiency of dust accretion in the disk and volatile transport on…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2022-08-17 Sebastian Markus Stammler , Tilman Birnstiel

Today, with the large number of detected exoplanets and improved measurements, we can reach the next step of planetary characterization. Classifying different populations of planets is not only important for our understanding of the…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2017-08-23 Dolev Bashi , Ravit Helled , Shay Zucker , Christoph Mordasini

Determining the mass-radius ($M$-$R$) relation of exoplanets is important for exoplanet characterization. Here we present a re-analysis of the $M$-$R$ relations and their transitions using exoplanetary data from the PlanetS catalog which…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2024-06-26 Simon Müller , Jana Baron , Ravit Helled , François Bouchy , Léna Parc

Transit surveys have revealed a significant population of compact multi-planet systems, containing several sub-Neptune-mass planets on close-in, tightly-packed orbits. These systems are thought to have formed through a final phase of giant…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2021-07-21 Samuel W. Yee , Daniel Tamayo , Samuel Hadden , Joshua N. Winn

Planets can affect debris disk structure by creating gaps, sharp edges, warps, and other potentially observable signatures. However, there is currently no simple way for observers to deduce a disk-shepherding planet's properties from the…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-17 Timothy J. Rodigas , Renu Malhotra , Philip M. Hinz

This paper explores how the stochastic accretion of planetesimals onto white dwarfs would be manifested in observations of their atmospheric pollution. Archival observations of pollution levels for unbiased samples of DA and non-DA white…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-18 M. C. Wyatt , J. Farihi , J. E. Pringle , A. Bonsor

Core accretion is the standard scenario of planet formation, wherein planets are formed by sequential accretion of gas and solids, and is widely used to interpret exoplanet observations. However, no direct probes of the scenario have been…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2024-09-11 Yasuhiro Hasegawa , Mark R. Swain

The statistical properties of planets in binaries were investigated. Any difference to planets orbiting single stars can shed light on the formation and evolution of planetary systems. As planets were found around components of binaries…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-11 S. Desidera , M. Barbieri