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Large Language Models (LLMs) do not differentially represent numbers, which are pervasive in text. In contrast, neuroscience research has identified distinct neural representations for numbers and words. In this work, we investigate how…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-01-10 Raj Sanjay Shah , Vijay Marupudi , Reba Koenen , Khushi Bhardwaj , Sashank Varma

Large language models (LLMs) offer strong capabilities but raise cost and privacy concerns, whereas small language models (SLMs) facilitate efficient and private local inference yet suffer from limited capacity. To synergize the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Hang Zeng , Xiangyu Liu , Yong Hu , Chaoyue Niu , Jiarui Zhang , Shaojie Tang , Fan Wu , Guihai Chen

The increasing availability of large language models (LLMs) has raised concerns about their potential misuse in online learning. While tools for detecting LLM-generated text exist and are widely used by researchers and educators, their…

Attributing answers to source documents is an approach used to enhance the verifiability of a model's output in retrieval augmented generation (RAG). Prior work has mainly focused on improving and evaluating the attribution quality of large…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-15 Amin Abolghasemi , Leif Azzopardi , Seyyed Hadi Hashemi , Maarten de Rijke , Suzan Verberne

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made substantial progress in the past several months, shattering state-of-the-art benchmarks in many domains. This paper investigates LLMs' behavior with respect to gender stereotypes, a known issue for…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-08-30 Hadas Kotek , Rikker Dockum , David Q. Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) are foundational to AI advancements, facilitating applications like predictive text generation. Nonetheless, they pose risks by potentially memorizing and disseminating sensitive, biased, or copyrighted…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-03-26 Youyang Qu , Ming Ding , Nan Sun , Kanchana Thilakarathna , Tianqing Zhu , Dusit Niyato

Language model pre-training has been shown to capture a surprising amount of world knowledge, crucial for NLP tasks such as question answering. However, this knowledge is stored implicitly in the parameters of a neural network, requiring…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2020-02-21 Kelvin Guu , Kenton Lee , Zora Tung , Panupong Pasupat , Ming-Wei Chang

Vision-language models are integral to computer vision research, yet many high-performing models remain closed-source, obscuring their data, design and training recipe. The research community has responded by using distillation from…

In education, the capability of generating human-like text of Large Language Models (LLMs) inspired work on how they can increase the efficiency of learning and teaching. We study the affordability of these models for educators and students…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-06 Bianca Raimondi , Saverio Giallorenzo , Maurizio Gabbrielli

Large Language Models (LLMs) internalize vast world knowledge as parametric memory, yet inevitably inherit the staleness and errors of their source corpora. Consequently, ensuring the reliability and malleability of these internal…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-08 Xiaojie Gu , Ziying Huang , Weicong Hong , Jian Xie , Renze Lou , Kai Zhang

The objective of digital forgetting is, given a model with undesirable knowledge or behavior, obtain a new model where the detected issues are no longer present. The motivations for forgetting include privacy protection, copyright…

Large language models (LLMs) are sophisticated artificial intelligence systems that enable machines to generate human-like text with remarkable precision. While LLMs offer significant technological progress, their development using vast…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-23 Yashothara Shanmugarasa , Ming Ding , M. A. P Chamikara , Thierry Rakotoarivelo

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly strong contenders in machine translation. In this work, we focus on document-level translation, where some words cannot be translated without context from outside the sentence. Specifically, we…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-17 Wafaa Mohammed , Vlad Niculae

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive prowess in solving a wide range of tasks with world knowledge. However, it remains unclear how well LLMs are able to perceive their factual knowledge boundaries, particularly under…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-20 Ruiyang Ren , Yuhao Wang , Yingqi Qu , Wayne Xin Zhao , Jing Liu , Hao Tian , Hua Wu , Ji-Rong Wen , Haifeng Wang

The expanding integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into recommender systems poses critical challenges to evaluation reliability. This paper identifies and investigates a previously overlooked issue: benchmark data leakage in…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-27 Mingqiao Zhang , Qiyao Peng , Yinghui Wang , Hongtao Liu , Yumeng Wang

Education that suits the individual learning level is necessary to improve students' understanding. The first step in achieving this purpose by using large language models (LLMs) is to adjust the textual difficulty of the response to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-02-23 Seiji Gobara , Hidetaka Kamigaito , Taro Watanabe

Large language models (LLMs) often require vast amounts of text to effectively acquire new knowledge. While continuing pre-training on large corpora or employing retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has proven successful, updating an LLM…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-11 Hugo Abonizio , Thales Almeida , Roberto Lotufo , Rodrigo Nogueira

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has been driven by extensive datasets that may contain sensitive information, raising serious privacy concerns. One notable threat is the Membership Inference Attack (MIA), where…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-12-17 Yihan Liao , Jacky Keung , Xiaoxue Ma , Jingyu Zhang , Yicheng Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) are now state-of-the-art at summarization, yet the internal notion of importance that drives their information selections remains hidden. We propose to investigate this by combining behavioral and computational…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Yongxin Zhou , Changshun Wu , Philippe Mulhem , Didier Schwab , Maxime Peyrard

Large language models (LLMs) have become the backbone of modern natural language processing but pose privacy concerns about leaking sensitive training data. Membership inference attacks (MIAs), which aim to infer whether a sample is…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-03 Toan Tran , Ruixuan Liu , Li Xiong