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Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) is the nearly ubiquitous "energy currency" of living organisms, and thus is a crucial participant in the majority of enzymatic reactions. The standard models in enzyme kinetics generally ignore the temporal…

Mismatch repair is a critical step in DNA replication that occurs after base selection and proofreading, significantly increasing fidelity. However, the mechanism of mismatch recognition has not been established for any repair enzyme.…

Site-specific information on how adenosine triphosphate in the aqueous phase (ATP$_{(aq)}$) interacts with magnesium (Mg$^{2+}_{(aq)}$) is a prerequisite to understanding its complex biochemistry. To gather such information, we apply…

The catalytic conversion ATP + AMP -> 2ADP by the enzyme adenylate kinase (ADK) involves the binding of one ATP molecule to the LID domain and one AMP molecule to the NMP domain. The latter is followed by a phosphate transfer, and then the…

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a highly energetic molecule used as a coenzyme in the transfer of chemical energy required for the continuation of cellular metabolism. In addition, extracellular ATP has an important role in cell-to-cell…

Recent studies reported that adenosine triphosphate (ATP) could inhibit as well as enhance the phase separation in prion-like proteins. The molecular mechanism underlying such a puzzling phenomenon remains elusive. Here, taking the fused in…

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a high-energy phosphate compound and the most direct energy source in organisms. ATP is an essential biomarker for evaluating cell viability in biology. Researchers often use ATP bioluminescence to measure…

Atomic motions and energetics for a phosphate transfer reaction catalyzed by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) are calculated by plane-wave density functional theory, starting from structures of proteins crystallized in both the…

The synthesis of ATP, life's 'universal energy currency', is the most prevalent chemical reaction in biological systems, and is responsible for fueling nearly all cellular processes, from nerve impulse propagation to DNA synthesis. ATP…

FoF1-ATP synthase is the enzyme that provides the 'chemical energy currency' adenosine triphosphate, ATP, for living cells. The formation of ATP is accomplished by a stepwise internal rotation of subunits within the enzyme. Briefly, proton…

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the universal chemical energy currency for cellular activities provided mainly by the membrane enzyme FoF1-ATP synthase in bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria. Synthesis of ATP is accompanied by subunit…

Incubation with noradrenaline (norepinephrine) of isolated membranes of rat's brain corpus striatum and cortex, showed that ionic-magnesium (Mg2+) is required for the neurotransmitter activatory response of Adenylate Cyclase [ATP…

We demonstrate asymmetric enzyme kinetics of a biomolecular motor F1-ATPase between synthesis and hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Our experiments show that ATP hydrolysis follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics, but ATP synthesis,…

The polymerization of actin filaments is coupled to the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which involves both the cleavage of ATP and the release of inorganic phosphate. We describe hydrolysis by a reduced two-state model with a…

Cells have evolved a metabolic control of DNA replication to respond to a wide range of nutritional conditions. Accumulating data suggest that this poorly understood control depends, at least in part, on Central Carbon Metabolism (CCM). In…

AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a critical energy sensor, regulating signaling networks involved in pathology including metabolic diseases and cancer. This increasingly recognized role of AMPK has prompted tremendous research efforts…

ATP synthase's intrinsic molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) adds constructively to, and hence reinforces, the chemiosmotic voltage. This ATP synthase voltage represents a new free energy term that appears to have been overlooked. This…

The Schlegel-Frisch ab initio molecular dynamics (ADMP) (DFT:B3LYP), T = 310 K, is used to study complexation between adenosinetriphosphate (ATP), ATP subsystem, and magnesium cofactor [Mg(H2O)6]2+, Mg subsystem, in a water pool, modeled…

Multisite covalent modification of proteins is omnipresent in eukaryotic cells. A well-known example is the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, where in each layer of the cascade a protein is phosphorylated at two sites. It has…

Confocal time resolved single-molecule spectroscopy using pulsed laser excitation and synchronized multi channel time correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) provides detailed information about the conformational changes of a biological…