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As large language models (LLMs) perform more difficult tasks, it becomes harder to verify the correctness and safety of their behavior. One approach to help with this issue is to prompt LLMs to externalize their reasoning, e.g., by having…

While there has been substantial progress in factoid question-answering (QA), answering complex questions remains challenging, typically requiring both a large body of knowledge and inference techniques. Open Information Extraction (Open…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2017-04-20 Tushar Khot , Ashish Sabharwal , Peter Clark

Accurately answering complex questions has consistently been a significant challenge for Large Language Models (LLMs). To address this, this paper proposes a multi-hop question decomposition method for complex questions, building upon…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-08 Zucheng Liang , Wenxin Wei , Kaijie Zhang , Hongyi Chen

This paper presents a multilayered architecture that enhances the capabilities of current QA systems and allows different types of complex questions or queries to be processed. The answers to these questions need to be gathered from factual…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2014-01-16 Estela Saquete , Jose Luis Vicedo , Patricio Martínez-Barco , Rafael Muñoz , Hector Llorens

Generating multiple-choice questions (MCQs) with difficulty estimation remains challenging in automated MCQ-generation systems used in adaptive, AI-assisted education. This study proposes a novel methodology for generating MCQs with…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Mehmet Can Şakiroğlu , H. Altay Güvenir , Kamer Kaya

Answering complex logical queries on incomplete knowledge graphs is a challenging task, and has been widely studied. Embedding-based methods require training on complex queries, and cannot generalize well to out-of-distribution query…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-06-08 Yushi Bai , Xin Lv , Juanzi Li , Lei Hou

Existing KBQA approaches, despite achieving strong performance on i.i.d. test data, often struggle in generalizing to questions involving unseen KB schema items. Prior ranking-based approaches have shown some success in generalization, but…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-03-22 Xi Ye , Semih Yavuz , Kazuma Hashimoto , Yingbo Zhou , Caiming Xiong

We study the Knowledge-Based visual question-answering problem, for which given a question, the models need to ground it into the visual modality to find the answer. Although many recent works use question-dependent captioners to verbalize…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-06-28 Elham J. Barezi , Parisa Kordjamshidi

Due to the concise and structured nature of tables, the knowledge contained therein may be incomplete or missing, posing a significant challenge for table question answering (TableQA) and data analysis systems. Most existing datasets either…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-05-15 Mengkang Hu , Haoyu Dong , Ping Luo , Shi Han , Dongmei Zhang

Multi-hop Knowledge Base Question Answering(KBQA) aims to find the answer entity in a knowledge graph (KG), which requires multiple steps of reasoning. Existing retrieval-based approaches solve this task by concentrating on the specific…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-12-20 Haowei Du , Quzhe Huang , Chen Li , Chen Zhang , Yang Li , Dongyan Zhao

Knowledge Base Question Answering (KBQA) aims to answer natural language questions with a large-scale structured knowledge base (KB). Despite advancements with large language models (LLMs), KBQA still faces challenges in weak KB awareness,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-02 Haoran Luo , Haihong E , Yikai Guo , Qika Lin , Xiaobao Wu , Xinyu Mu , Wenhao Liu , Meina Song , Yifan Zhu , Luu Anh Tuan

Long-form question answering (LFQA) poses a challenge as it involves generating detailed answers in the form of paragraphs, which go beyond simple yes/no responses or short factual answers. While existing QA models excel in questions with…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-11-17 Pritom Saha Akash , Kashob Kumar Roy , Lucian Popa , Kevin Chen-Chuan Chang

Question Answering (QA) systems are becoming the inspiring model for the future of search engines. While recently, underlying datasets for QA systems have been promoted from unstructured datasets to structured datasets with highly…

Automatic question generation (QG) serves a wide range of purposes, such as augmenting question-answering (QA) corpora, enhancing chatbot systems, and developing educational materials. Despite its importance, most existing datasets…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-07 Seonjeong Hwang , Yunsu Kim , Gary Geunbae Lee

This paper proposes a question-answering system that can answer questions whose supporting evidence is spread over multiple (potentially long) documents. The system, called Visconde, uses a three-step pipeline to perform the task:…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-12-20 Jayr Pereira , Robson Fidalgo , Roberto Lotufo , Rodrigo Nogueira

Table-based reasoning has shown remarkable progress in combining deep models with discrete reasoning, which requires reasoning over both free-form natural language (NL) questions and structured tabular data. However, previous table-based…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-04-28 Yunhu Ye , Binyuan Hui , Min Yang , Binhua Li , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance on question-answering (QA) tasks because of their superior capabilities in natural language understanding and generation. However, LLM-based QA struggles with complex QA…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-23 Chuangtao Ma , Yongrui Chen , Tianxing Wu , Arijit Khan , Haofen Wang

While conversing with chatbots, humans typically tend to ask many questions, a significant portion of which can be answered by referring to large-scale knowledge graphs (KG). While Question Answering (QA) and dialog systems have been…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2018-10-05 Amrita Saha , Vardaan Pahuja , Mitesh M. Khapra , Karthik Sankaranarayanan , Sarath Chandar

In spoken question answering, QA systems are designed to answer questions from contiguous text spans within the related speech transcripts. However, the most natural way that human seek or test their knowledge is via human conversations.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2020-10-20 Chenyu You , Nuo Chen , Fenglin Liu , Dongchao Yang , Yuexian Zou

We propose a multilingual data-driven method for generating reading comprehension questions using dependency trees. Our method provides a strong, mostly deterministic, and inexpensive-to-train baseline for less-resourced languages. While a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-05-16 Dmytro Kalpakchi , Johan Boye