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The place and role of an Observer in quantum mechanics has been a subject of an ongoing debate since the theory's inception. Wigner brought this question to the fore in a celebrated scenario in which a super-Observer observes a Friend…

量子物理 · 物理学 2020-09-14 A. Matzkin , D. Sokolovski

The famous Wigner's friend experiment considers an observer -- the friend -- and a superobserver -- Wigner -- who treats the friend as a quantum system and her interaction with other quantum systems as unitary dynamics. This is at odds with…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-10-10 Veronika Baumann

Wigner's friend experiment and its modern extensions display the ambiguity of the quantum mechanical description regarding the assignment of quantum states. While the friend applies the state-update rule to the system upon observing an…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-10-22 Flavio Del Santo , Gonzalo Manzano , Caslav Brukner

The Wigner's friend thought experiment has gained a resurgence of interest in recent years thanks to no-go theorems that extend it to Bell-like scenarios. One of these, by us and co-workers, showcased the contradiction that arises between…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-05-17 Aníbal Utreras-Alarcón , Eric G. Cavalcanti , Howard M. Wiseman

The decoherence interpretation of quantum measurements is applied to Wigner's friend experiments. A framework in which all the experimental outcomes arise from unitary evolutions is proposed. Within it, a measurement is not completed until…

量子物理 · 物理学 2020-03-25 Armando Relaño

The Wigner's friend type of thought experiments manifest the conceptual challenge on how different observers can have consistent descriptions of a quantum measurement event. In this paper, we analyze the extended version of Wigner's friend…

量子物理 · 物理学 2019-11-12 Jianhao M. Yang

The notorious Wigner's friend thought experiment (and modifications thereof) has in recent years received renewed interest especially due to new arguments that force us to question some of the fundamental assumptions of quantum theory. In…

量子物理 · 物理学 2021-05-18 Philippe Allard Guérin , Veronika Baumann , Flavio Del Santo , Časlav Brukner

The Wigner's friend paradox concerns one of the most puzzling problems of quantum mechanics: the consistent description of multiple nested observers. Recently, a variation of Wigner's gedankenexperiment, introduced by Frauchiger and Renner,…

The Wigner's friend thought experiment was intended to illustrate the difficulty one has in describing an agent as a quantum system when that agent performs a measurement. While it does pose a challenge to the orthodox interpretation of…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-09-12 David Schmid , Yìlè Yīng , Matthew Leifer

The Wigner's Friend (WF) thought experiment concerns quantum measurements by a 'superobserver' of an observer measuring a quantum system. Variations on the setup and its extended versions have seen a resurgence in recent years, in light of…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-07-30 Tom Rivlin , Sophie Engineer , Veronika Baumann

The description of Wigner-friend scenarios -- in which external agents describe a closed laboratory containing a friend making a measurement -- remains problematic due to the ambiguous nature of quantum measurements. One option is to…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-10-16 J. Allam , A. Matzkin

"The unambiguous account of proper quantum phenomena must, in principle, include a description of all relevant features of experimental arrangement" (Bohr). The measurement process is composed of pre-measurement (quantum correlation of the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2021-04-12 Marek Żukowski , Marcin Markiewicz

In 1962, Eugene P. Wigner introduced a thought experiment that highlighted the incompatibility in quantum theory between unitary evolution and wave function reduction in a measurement. This work resulted in a class of thought experiments…

量子物理 · 物理学 2021-05-19 Vinicius P. Rossi , Diogo O. Soares-Pinto

According to QBism, quantum states, unitary evolutions, and measurement operators are all understood as personal judgments of the agent using the formalism. Meanwhile, quantum measurement outcomes are understood as the personal experiences…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-10-19 John B. DeBrota , Christopher A. Fuchs , Ruediger Schack

In his famous thought experiment, Wigner assigns an entangled state to the composite quantum system made up of Wigner's friend and her observed system. While the two of them have different accounts of the process, each Wigner and his friend…

量子物理 · 物理学 2018-06-05 Caslav Brukner

The extended Wigner's friend problem deals with two Observers each measuring a sealed laboratory in which a friend is making a quantum measurement. We investigate this problem by relying on the basic rules of quantum mechanics as exposed by…

量子物理 · 物理学 2021-10-19 D. Sokolovski , A. Matzkin

Wigner Friend scenarios -- in which an external agent describes quantum mechanically a laboratory in which a Friend is making a measurement -- give rise to possible inconsistencies due to the ambiguous character of quantum measurements. In…

量子物理 · 物理学 2020-12-08 A. Matzkin , D. Sokolovski

There has been a surge of recent interest in the Wigner's Friend paradox, sparking several novel thought experiments and no-go theorems. The main narrative has been that Wigner's Friend highlights a counterintuitive feature that is unique…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-01-22 Caroline L. Jones , Markus P. Mueller

In a joint paper Jeff Bub and Itamar Pitowski argued that the quantum state represents `the credence function of a rational agent [...] who is updating probabilities on the basis of events that occur'. In the famous thought experiment…

量子物理 · 物理学 2019-02-01 Veronika Baumann , Časlav Brukner

The notion of probability plays a crucial role in quantum mechanics. It appears in quantum mechanics as the Born rule. In modern mathematics which describes quantum mechanics, however, probability theory means nothing other than measure…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-05-22 Kohtaro Tadaki
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