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Many annotation tasks in natural language processing are highly subjective in that there can be different valid and justified perspectives on what is a proper label for a given example. This also applies to the judgment of argument quality,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-03 Philipp Heinisch , Matthias Orlikowski , Julia Romberg , Philipp Cimiano

Human annotations are vital to supervised learning, yet annotators often disagree on the correct label, especially as annotation tasks increase in complexity. A strategy to improve label quality is to ask multiple annotators to label the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-12-22 Alexander Braylan , Madalyn Marabella , Omar Alonso , Matthew Lease

Researchers have proposed the use of generative large language models (LLMs) to label data for research and applied settings. This literature emphasizes the improved performance of these models relative to other natural language models,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-17 Megan A. Brown , Shubham Atreja , Libby Hemphill , Patrick Y. Wu

This paper investigates the automation of qualitative data analysis, focusing on inductive coding using large language models (LLMs). Unlike traditional approaches that rely on deductive methods with predefined labels, this research…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-02 Angelina Parfenova , Andreas Marfurt , Alexander Denzler , Juergen Pfeffer

Data is the engine of modern computer vision, which necessitates collecting large-scale datasets. This is expensive, and guaranteeing the quality of the labels is a major challenge. In this paper, we investigate efficient annotation…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2021-04-27 Yuan-Hong Liao , Amlan Kar , Sanja Fidler

Machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) systems rely heavily on human-annotated data for training and evaluation. A major challenge in this context is the occurrence of annotation errors, as their effects can degrade model…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-09-27 Heinrich Peters , Alireza Hashemi , James Rae

Annotators exhibit disagreement during data labeling, which can be termed as annotator label uncertainty. Annotator label uncertainty manifests in variations of labeling quality. Training with a single low-quality annotation per sample…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-03-18 Chen Zhou , Mohit Prabhushankar , Ghassan AlRegib

The development of real-time affect detection models often depends upon obtaining annotated data for supervised learning by employing human experts to label the student data. One open question in annotating affective data for affect…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2019-01-15 Eda Okur , Sinem Aslan , Nese Alyuz , Asli Arslan Esme , Ryan S. Baker

The music genre perception expressed through human annotations of artists or albums varies significantly across language-bound cultures. These variations cannot be modeled as mere translations since we also need to account for cultural…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2020-11-17 Elena V. Epure , Guillaume Salha , Manuel Moussallam , Romain Hennequin

Data annotation remains the sine qua non of machine learning and AI. Recent empirical work on data annotation has begun to highlight the importance of rater diversity for fairness, model performance, and new lines of research have begun to…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-02-13 Andrew Smart , Ding Wang , Ellis Monk , Mark Díaz , Atoosa Kasirzadeh , Erin Van Liemt , Sonja Schmer-Galunder

Many NLP tasks exhibit human label variation, where different annotators give different labels to the same texts. This variation is known to depend, at least in part, on the sociodemographics of annotators. Recent research aims to model…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-03 Matthias Orlikowski , Paul Röttger , Philipp Cimiano , Dirk Hovy

We deal with the problem of localized in-video taxonomic human annotation in the video content moderation domain, where the goal is to identify video segments that violate granular policies, e.g., community guidelines on an online video…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-10-19 Meghana Deodhar , Xiao Ma , Yixin Cai , Alex Koes , Alex Beutel , Jilin Chen

Human annotated data is the cornerstone of today's artificial intelligence efforts, yet data labeling processes can be complicated and expensive, especially when human labelers disagree with each other. The current work practice is to use…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2021-12-09 Yisi Sang , Jeffrey Stanton

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as raters for evaluation tasks. However, their reliability is often limited for subjective tasks, when human judgments involve subtle reasoning beyond annotation labels. Thinking traces,…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-02-23 Xingjian Zhang , Tianhong Gao , Suliang Jin , Tianhao Wang , Teng Ye , Eytan Adar , Qiaozhu Mei

A common practice in building NLP datasets, especially using crowd-sourced annotations, involves obtaining multiple annotator judgements on the same data instances, which are then flattened to produce a single "ground truth" label or score,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-10-13 Vinodkumar Prabhakaran , Aida Mostafazadeh Davani , Mark Díaz

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable text classification capabilities, excelling in zero- and few-shot learning (ZSL and FSL) scenarios. However, since they are trained on different datasets, performance varies widely across…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-16 Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco , Debora Nozza , Dirk Hovy

This work offers a novel view on the use of human input as labels, acknowledging that humans may err. We build a behavioral profile for human annotators which is used as a feature representation of the provided input. We show that by…

数据库 · 计算机科学 2022-05-09 Roee Shraga

Computer vision is widely deployed, has highly visible, society altering applications, and documented problems with bias and representation. Datasets are critical for benchmarking progress in fair computer vision, and often employ broad…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2021-02-05 Zaid Khan , Yun Fu

In NLP annotation, it is common to have multiple annotators label the text and then obtain the ground truth labels based on the agreement of major annotators. However, annotators are individuals with different backgrounds, and minors'…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-01-13 Ruyuan Wan , Jaehyung Kim , Dongyeop Kang

In the realm of Natural Language Processing (NLP), common approaches for handling human disagreement consist of aggregating annotators' viewpoints to establish a single ground truth. However, prior studies show that disregarding individual…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-13 Benedetta Muscato , Lucia Passaro , Gizem Gezici , Fosca Giannotti
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