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[Context] Technical debt (TD) in machine learning (ML) systems, much like its counterpart in software engineering (SE), holds the potential to lead to future rework, posing risks to productivity, quality, and team morale. Despite growing…

Background. Developers spend more time fixing bugs and refactoring the code to increase the maintainability than developing new features. Researchers investigated the code quality impact on fault-proneness focusing on code smells and code…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2021-03-23 Francesco Lomio , Sergio Moreschini , Valentina Lenarduzzi

Software practitioners can make sub-optimal decisions concerning requirements during gathering, documenting, prioritizing, and implementing requirements as software features or architectural design decisions -- this is captured by the…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2024-07-02 Judith Perera , Ewan Tempero , Yu-Cheng Tu , Kelly Blincoe , Matthias Galster

Code quality remains an abstract concept that fails to get traction at the business level. Consequently, software companies keep trading code quality for time-to-market and new features. The resulting technical debt is estimated to waste up…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2022-03-10 Adam Tornhill , Markus Borg

Context. Detecting Self-Admitted Technical Debt (SATD) is crucial for proactive software maintenance. Previous research has primarily targeted detecting and prioritizing SATD, with little focus on the source code afflicted with SATD. Our…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-11-04 Murali Sridharan , Mikel Robredo , Leevi Rantala , Matteo Esposito , Valentina Lenarduzzi , Mika Mantyla

Context: The term technical debt (TD) describes the aggregation of sub-optimal solutions that serve to impede the evolution and maintenance of a system. Some claim that the broken windows theory (BWT), a concept borrowed from criminology,…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2023-12-29 William Levén , Hampus Broman , Terese Besker , Richard Torkar

The focus on rapid software delivery inevitably results in the accumulation of technical debt, which, in turn, affects quality and slows future development. Yet, companies with a long history of rapid delivery exist. Our primary aim is to…

In modern software engineering, build systems play the crucial role of facilitating the conversion of source code into software artifacts. Recent research has explored high-level causes of build failures, but has largely overlooked the…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-04-03 Anwar Ghammam , Dhia Elhaq Rzig , Mohamed Almukhtar , Rania Khalsi , Foyzul Hassan , Marouane Kessentini

Self-admitted technical debt (SATD) refers to comments in which developers explicitly acknowledge code issues, workarounds, or suboptimal solutions. SATD is known to significantly increase software maintenance effort. While extensive…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-12-22 Shahidul Islam , Md Nahidul Islam Opu , Shaowei Wang , Shaiful Chowdhury

The rapid adoption of Deep Learning (DL)-enabled systems has revolutionized software development, driving innovation across various domains. However, these systems also introduce unique challenges, particularly in maintaining software…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-10-07 Gilberto Recupito , Vincenzo De Martino , Dario Di Nucci , Fabio Palomba

What are the business causes behind tight deadlines? What drives the prioritization of features that pushes quality matters to the back burner? We conducted a survey with 71 experienced practitioners and did a thematic analysis of the…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2023-03-21 Rodrigo Rebouças de Almeida , Christoph Treude , Uirá Kulesza

Technical debt (TD) is a metaphor that is used to communicate the consequences of poor software development practices to non-technical stakeholders. In recent years, it has gained significant attention in agile software development (ASD).…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2024-01-29 Woubshet Nema Behutiye , Pilar Rodriguez , Markku Oivo , Ayse Tosun

A high imbalance exists between technical debt and non-technical debt source code comments. Such imbalance affects Self-Admitted Technical Debt (SATD) detection performance, and existing literature lacks empirical evidence on the choice of…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2021-03-25 Murali Sridharan , Mika Mantyla , Leevi Rantala , Maelick Claes

Objective. In this work, we report the experience of a Finnish SME in managing Technical Debt (TD), investigating the most common types of TD they faced in the past, their causes, and their effects. Method. We set up a focus group in the…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2019-08-06 Valentina Lenarduzzi , Teemu Orava , Nyyti Saarimäki , Kari Systä , Davide Taibi

The technical debt (TD) metaphor describes actions made during various stages of software development that lead to a more costly future regarding system maintenance and evolution. According to recent studies, on average 25% of development…

Keeping track of and managing Self-Admitted Technical Debts (SATDs) are important to maintaining a healthy software project. This requires much time and effort from human experts to identify the SATDs manually. The current automated…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2020-10-20 Zhe Yu , Fahmid Morshed Fahid , Huy Tu , Tim Menzies

The impact of Technical Debt (TD) on software maintenance and evolution is of great concern, but recent evidence shows that a considerable amount of TD is fixed by the same developers who introduced it; this is termed self-fixed TD. This…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2021-06-23 Jie Tan , Daniel Feitosa , Paris Avgeriou

Technical Debt management decisions always imply a trade-off among outcomes at different points in time. In such intertemporal choices, distant outcomes are often valued lower than close ones, a phenomenon known as temporal discounting.…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2019-04-03 Christoph Becker , Fabian Fagerholm , Rahul Mohanani , Alexandros Chatzigeorgiou

NonTechnical Debt (NTD) is a common challenge in agile software development, manifesting in four critical forms, Process Debt, Social Debt, People Debt, Organizational debt. NODLA project is a collaboration between Karlstad University and…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-09-03 Muhammad Ovais Ahmad , Tomas Gustavsson

Software quality is an important problem for technology companies, since it substantially impacts the efficiency, usefulness, and maintainability of the final product; hence, code review is a must-do activity for software developers. During…

社会与信息网络 · 计算机科学 2022-10-11 Abduljaleel Al-Rubaye , Gita Sukthankar