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Randomized benchmarking is a technique for estimating the average fidelity of a set of quantum gates. For general gatesets, however, it is difficult to draw robust conclusions from the resulting data. Here we propose a new method based on…

量子物理 · 物理学 2019-07-31 Jonas Helsen , Xiao Xue , Lieven M. K. Vandersypen , Stephanie Wehner

Architectures for quantum computing can only be scaled up when they are accompanied by suitable benchmarking techniques. The document provides a comprehensive overview of the state and recommendations for systematic benchmarking of quantum…

In recent years, neutral atom-based quantum computation has been established as a competing alternative for the realization of fault-tolerant quantum computation. However, as with other quantum technologies, various sources of noise limit…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-12-01 Andrea B. Rava , Kristel Michielsen , J. A. Montanez-Barrera

Contemporary methods for benchmarking noisy quantum processors typically measure average error rates or process infidelities. However, thresholds for fault-tolerant quantum error correction are given in terms of worst-case error rates --…

With the continued scaling of quantum processors, holistic benchmarks are essential for extensively evaluating device performance. Layer fidelity is a benchmark well-suited to assessing processor performance at scale. Key advantages of this…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-02-24 Maria Jose Lozano Palacio , Hasan Nayfeh , Matthew Ware , David C. McKay

Recently, there has been an emergence of useful applications for noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices notably, though not exclusively, in the fields of quantum machine learning and variational quantum algorithms. In such…

量子物理 · 物理学 2021-02-26 Ellen Derbyshire , Rawad Mezher , Theodoros Kapourniotis , Elham Kashefi

Designing quantum processors is a complex task that demands advanced verification methods to ensure their correct functionality. However, traditional methods of comprehensively verifying quantum devices, such as quantum process tomography,…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-08-04 Keren Li , Peng Yan , Hanru Jiang , Nengkun Yu

Characterising quantum processes is a key task in and constitutes a challenge for the development of quantum technologies, especially at the noisy intermediate scale of today's devices. One method for characterising processes is randomised…

量子物理 · 物理学 2018-10-31 Ingo Roth , Richard Kueng , Shelby Kimmel , Yi-Kai Liu , David Gross , Jens Eisert , Martin Kliesch

Existing protocols for benchmarking current quantum co-processors fail to meet the usual standards for assessing the performance of High-Performance-Computing platforms. After a synthetic review of these protocols -- whether at the gate,…

量子物理 · 物理学 2021-07-27 Simon Martiel , Thomas Ayral , Cyril Allouche

Benchmarking Quantum Process Units (QPU) at an application level usually requires considering the whole programming stack of the quantum computer. One critical task is the minor-embedding (resp. transpilation) step, which involves…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-08-02 Valentin Gilbert , Julien Rodriguez , Stéphane Louise

Noise remains the major obstacle to scalable quantum computation. Quantum benchmarking provides key information on noise properties and is an important step for developing more advanced quantum processors. However, current benchmarking…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-09-22 Yanwu Gu , Wei-Feng Zhuang , Xudan Chai , Dong E. Liu

In this paper, we introduce a new approach to quantum benchmarking inspired by quantum verification motivating new paradigms of quantum benchmarking. Our proposed benchmark not only serves as a robust indicator of computational capability…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-04-17 Johannes Frank , Elham Kashefi , Dominik Leichtle , Michael de Oliveira

In the scale-up of quantum computers, the framework underpinning fault-tolerance generally relies on the strong assumption that environmental noise affecting qubit logic is uncorrelated (Markovian). However, as physical devices progress…

Estimating the features of noise is the first step in a chain of protocols that will someday lead to fault tolerant quantum computers. The randomized benchmarking (RB) protocol is designed with this exact mindset, estimating the average…

量子物理 · 物理学 2021-12-15 Pedro Figueroa-Romero , Kavan Modi , Thomas M. Stace , Min-Hsiu Hsieh

Fidelity is one of the most valuable and commonly used metrics for assessing the performance of quantum circuits on error-prone quantum processors. Several approaches have been proposed to estimate circuit fidelity without executing it on…

The successful implementation of algorithms on quantum processors relies on the accurate control of quantum bits (qubits) to perform logic gate operations. In this era of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computing, systematic…

Benchmarking of noise that is induced during the implementation of quantum gates is the main concern for practical quantum computers. Several protocols have been proposed that empirically calculate various metrics that quantify the error…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-10-30 Adarsh Chandrashekar , Soumya Das , Goutam Paul

What does it mean for one quantum process to be more disordered than another? Here we provide a precise answer to this question in terms of a quantum-mechanical generalization of majorization. The framework admits a complete description in…

量子物理 · 物理学 2018-12-21 Gilad Gour , David Jennings , Francesco Buscemi , Runyao Duan , Iman Marvian

To successfully execute large-scale algorithms, a quantum computer will need to perform its elementary operations near perfectly. This is a fundamental challenge since all physical qubits suffer a considerable level of noise. Moreover, real…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-06-29 Armands Strikis , Simon C. Benjamin , Benjamin J. Brown

Quantum tomography is the main method used to assess the quality of quantum information processing devices, but its complexity presents a major obstacle for the characterization of even moderately large systems. The number of experimental…

量子物理 · 物理学 2015-03-19 Marcus P. da Silva , Olivier Landon-Cardinal , David Poulin