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Test-Time Scaling (TTS) improves the reasoning performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) by allocating additional compute during inference. We conduct a structured survey of TTS methods and categorize them into sampling-based,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-06 Ho-Lam Chung , Teng-Yun Hsiao , Hsiao-Ying Huang , Chunerh Cho , Jian-Ren Lin , Zhang Ziwei , Yun-Nung Chen

Discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) relies on predictive models for characteristic features from miRNA precursors (pre-miRNAs). The short length of miRNA genes and the lack of pronounced sequence features complicate this task. To accommodate…

Performing inference on large volumes of samples with large language models (LLMs) can be computationally and financially costly in industry and real-world use. We propose batch prompting, a simple yet effective prompting approach that…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-25 Zhoujun Cheng , Jungo Kasai , Tao Yu

We present a new approach to automatic amortized inference in universal probabilistic programs which improves performance compared to current methods. Our approach is a variation of inference compilation (IC) which leverages deep neural…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-10-29 William Harvey , Andreas Munk , Atılım Güneş Baydin , Alexander Bergholm , Frank Wood

Since the turn of the century, approximate Bayesian inference has steadily evolved as new computational techniques have been incorporated to handle increasingly complex and large-scale predictive problems. The recent success of deep neural…

机器学习 · 统计学 2026-01-14 Roy Shivam Ram Shreshtth , Arnab Hazra , Gourab Mukherjee

Various proxy metrics for test quality have been defined in order to guide developers when writing tests. Code coverage is particularly well established in practice, even though the question of how coverage relates to test quality is a…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2021-03-15 Goran Petrović , Marko Ivanković , Gordon Fraser , René Just

Estimating the test performance of software AI-based medical devices under distribution shifts is crucial for evaluating the safety, efficiency, and usability prior to clinical deployment. Due to the nature of regulated medical device…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-07-14 Charles Lu , Syed Rakin Ahmed , Praveer Singh , Jayashree Kalpathy-Cramer

Hand-crafted mutants are increasingly used to evaluate fuzzing and property-based testing tools, but current tooling is fragmented and often forces trade-offs between readability, mutation preservation, and execution cost. We present a…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-03-10 Alperen Keles

Test-time computation has become a primary driver of progress in large language model (LLM) reasoning, but it is increasingly bottlenecked by expensive verification. In many reasoning systems, a large fraction of verifier calls are spent on…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-02-05 Shuhui Qu

With the advancement of large language models (LLMs), solving complex reasoning tasks has gained increasing attention. Inference-time computation methods (e.g., Best-of-N, beam search, et al.) are particularly valuable as they can enhance…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-02-18 Fan Liu , Wenshuo Chao , Naiqiang Tan , Hao Liu

Test-time compute scaling, the practice of spending extra computation during inference via repeated sampling, search, or extended reasoning, has become a powerful lever for improving large language model performance. Yet deploying these…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-17 Zhiyuan Zhai , Bingcong Li , Bingnan Xiao , Ming Li , Xin Wang

Most adversarial threats in artificial intelligence (AI) target the computational behavior of models rather than the humans who rely on them. Yet modern AI systems increasingly operate within human decision loops, where users interpret and…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-18 Shutong Fan , Lan Zhang , Xiaoyong Yuan

Simulation-based inference has been popular for amortized Bayesian computation. It is typical to have more than one posterior approximation, from different inference algorithms, different architectures, or simply the randomness of…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2024-03-04 Yuling Yao , Bruno Régaldo-Saint Blancard , Justin Domke

Answer Set Programming (ASP) is a powerful declarative programming paradigm commonly used for solving challenging search and optimization problems. The modeling languages of ASP are supported by sophisticated solving algorithms (solvers)…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2022-08-08 Zach Hansen

Mutation testing is used to evaluate the effectiveness of test suites. In recent years, a promising variation called extreme mutation testing emerged that is computationally less expensive. It identifies methods where their functionality…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2022-04-15 Maik Betka , Stefan Wagner

Formal verification via theorem proving enables the expressive specification and rigorous proof of software correctness, but it is difficult to scale due to the significant manual effort and expertise required. While Large Language Models…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-10-30 Minghai Lu , Zhe Zhou , Danning Xie , Songlin Jia , Benjamin Delaware , Tianyi Zhang

Artificial Immune Systems (AIS) employing hypermutations with linear static mutation potential have recently been shown to be very effective at escaping local optima of combinatorial optimisation problems at the expense of being slower…

神经与进化计算 · 计算机科学 2019-03-29 Dogan Corus , Pietro S. Oliveto , Donya Yazdani

We analyse preference inference, through consistency, for general preference languages based on lexicographic models. We identify a property, which we call strong compositionality, that applies for many natural kinds of preference…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2024-11-01 Nic Wilson , Anne-Marie George

Highly accurate numerical or physical experiments are often time-consuming or expensive to obtain. When time or budget restrictions prohibit the generation of additional data, the amount of available samples may be too limited to provide…

数值分析 · 数学 2021-12-22 Mengwu Guo , Andrea Manzoni , Maurice Amendt , Paolo Conti , Jan S. Hesthaven

In recent years, researchers in decision analysis and artificial intelligence (AI) have used Bayesian belief networks to build models of expert opinion. Using standard methods drawn from the theory of computational complexity, workers in…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2013-04-05 R. Martin Chavez , Gregory F. Cooper