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The magnitude-redshift relation is one of the tools for a direct observational approach to cosmology. The discovery of high redshift Type Ia supernovae (SNIa) and their use as ``standard candles'' has resurrected interest in this approach.…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2008-11-26 Marie-Noëlle Célérier

We discuss possible tests of the constancy of the velocity of light using distant astrophysical sources such as gamma-ray bursters (GRBs), Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) and pulsars. This speculative quest may be motivated by some models of…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2008-11-26 J. Ellis , K. Farakos , N. E. Mavromatos , V. Mitsou , D. V. Nanopoulos

Context. Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) reach redshifts beyond Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) and can extend distance measurements into the early Universe, but their use as distance indicators is limited by the circularity problem in calibrating…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2026-03-19 Wei Hong , Luca Izzo , Massimo Della Valle , Orlando Luongo , Marco Muccino , Tong-Jie Zhang

With the advent of gravitational-wave astronomy it has now been possible to constrain modified theories of gravity that were invoked to explain the dark energy. In a class of dilaton models, distances to cosmic sources inferred from…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2022-10-05 Arnab Dhani , Anuradha Gupta , B. S. Sathyaprakash

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are luminous enough to be detectable up to redshift $z\sim 10$. They are often proposed as complementary tools to type-Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) in tracing the Hubble diagram of the Universe. The distance calibrations…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2015-11-30 Hai-Nan Lin , Xin Li , Zhe Chang

We present a new catalogue of ~2,400 optically selected quasars with spectroscopic redshifts and X-ray observations from either Chandra or XMM-Newton. The sample can be used to investigate the non-linear relation between the UV and X-ray…

Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are standardisable candles: their peak magnitudes can be corrected for correlations between light curve properties and their luminosities to precisely estimate distances. Understanding SN Ia standardisation…

Quasars have been proposed as a new class of standard candles analogous to Supernovae, as their large redshift range and high luminosities make them excellent candidates. Reverberation mapping (RM) method enables to estimate the distance to…

A characteristic feature of quasars is the observed non-linear relationship between their monochromatic luminosities at rest-frame 2500 {\AA} and 2 keV. This relationship is evident across all redshifts and luminosities and, due to its…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2024-06-26 Matilde Signorini , Guido Risaliti , Elisabeta Lusso , Emanuele Nardini , Giada Bargiacchi , Andrea Sacchi , Bartolomeo Trefoloni

Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are more precise standardizable candles when measured in the near-infrared (NIR) than in the optical. With this motivation, from 2012-2017 we embarked on the RAISIN program with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST)…

The open problems related to cosmological tensions in current times have opened new paths to study new probes to constrain cosmological parameters in standard and extended cosmologies, in particular, to determine at a local level the value…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2023-12-22 Rodrigo Sandoval-Orozco , Celia Escamilla-Rivera , Rebecca Briffa , Jackson Levi Said

Cosmic distances can be measured using two complementary probes: Type Ia supernovae (SN Ia), serving as standard candles, and baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO), serving as standard rulers. The luminosity distance derived from supernovae…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2026-04-22 Hyeok Woo , William Luke Matthewson , Arman Shafieloo

Immensely bright quasars and radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs) provide an enticing opportunity to construct standard candles detectable up to the very early universe. An analytic theory is proposed to measure the distance to powerful…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2020-07-24 Ross Turner , Stanislav Shabala

We combine new Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) data from Planck with Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) data to constrain the Brans-Dicke (BD) theory, in which the gravitational constant $G$ evolves with time. Observations of type Ia…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2017-05-19 Ji-Xia Li , Feng-Quan Wu , Yi-Chao Li , Yan Gong , Xue-Lei Chen

Because Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are not perfect standard candles, it is important to be able to use distance-independent observables (DIOs) to define subsets of SNe Ia that are ``nearly standard candles'' or to correct SN Ia absolute…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2007-05-23 David Branch , Peter Nugent , Adam Fisher

Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) have been intensively investigated due to its great homogeneity and high luminosity, which make it possible to use them as standardizable candles for the determination of cosmological parameters. In 2011, the…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2016-11-04 Rodrigo C. V. Coelho , Maurício O. Calvão , Ribamar R. R. Reis , Beatriz B. Siffert

Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are interesting objects for testing the emission models in highly energetic regimes and are very promising standardizable candles, given their observability at high redshift (up to $z=9.4$) that allows the extension…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2023-11-28 Maria Giovanna Dainotti , Biagio De Simone

We present a new method aimed to handle long Gamma-Ray Burst (GRBs) as cosmic rulers. The recent discovery of a tight correlation between the collimation corrected GRB energy and the peak of the gamma-ray spectrum has opened the possibility…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-10 C. Firmani , G. Ghisellini , G. Ghirlanda , V. Avila-Reese

Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) play a crucial role as standardizable candles in measurements of the Hubble constant and dark energy. Increasing evidence points towards multiple possible explosion channels as the origin of normal SNe Ia, with…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2022-06-30 Vishal Tiwari , Or Graur , Robert Fisher , Ivo Seitenzahl , Shing-Chi Leung , Ken'ichi Nomoto , Hagai Binyamin Perets , Ken Shen

We present an analysis of the final data release of the Carnegie Supernova Project I, focusing on the absolute calibration of the luminosity-decline-rate relation for Type Ia supernovae (SNeIa) using new intrinsic color relations with…