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Nonreciprocal interactions violating Newton's third law are common in a plethora of nonequilibrium situations ranging from predator-prey systems to the swarming of birds and effective colloidal interactions under flow. While many recent…

软凝聚态物质 · 物理学 2025-10-07 Zhi-Feng Huang , Michael te Vrugt , Jonas Mayer Martins , Raphael Wittkowski , Hartmut Löwen

The formation of dynamical patterns is one of the most striking features of nonequilibrium physical systems. Recent work has shown that such patterns arise generically from forces that violate Newton's third law, known as nonreciprocal…

统计力学 · 物理学 2025-08-26 James Mason , Robert L. Jack , Maria Bruna

The effective interactions between the constituents of driven soft matter generically defy Newton's third law. Combining theory and numerical simulations, we establish that six classes of mechanics with no counterparts in equilibrium…

软凝聚态物质 · 物理学 2022-02-02 Alexis Poncet , Denis Bartolo

Emergent non-reciprocal interactions violating Newton's third law are widespread in out-of-equilibrium systems. Phase separating mixtures with such interactions exhibit travelling states with no equilibrium counterpart. Using extensive…

统计力学 · 物理学 2024-07-10 Rituparno Mandal , Santiago Salazar Jaramillo , Peter Sollich

The law of action-reaction, considered by Ernst Mach the cornerstone of physics, is thoroughly used to derive the conservation laws of linear and angular momentum. However, the conflict between momentum conservation law and Newton's third…

经典物理 · 物理学 2019-05-10 Mario J. Pinheiro

Nonreciprocal interactions that violate Newton's law 'actio=reactio' are ubiquitous in nature and are currently intensively investigated in active matter, chemical reaction networks, population dynamics, and many other fields. An…

统计力学 · 物理学 2026-02-24 Atul Tanaji Mohite , Heiko Rieger

The interaction between two parts in a compound quantum system may be reconsidered more completely than before and some new understandings and conclusions different from current quantum mechanics are obtained, including the conservation law…

综合物理 · 物理学 2010-11-03 Tian-Hai Zeng

Reciprocity is a fundamental symmetry present in many natural phenomena and engineered systems. Distinct situations where this symmetry is broken are typically grouped under the umbrella term "nonreciprocity", colloquially defined by: the…

统计力学 · 物理学 2026-02-12 Michel Fruchart , Vincenzo Vitelli

Effective interactions that violate Newton's third law of action-reaction symmetry are common in systems where interactions are mediated by a non-equilibrium environment. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations are carried out on a…

统计力学 · 物理学 2024-03-12 Agney K. Rajeev , A. V. Anil Kumar

Out of equilibrium, the lack of reciprocity is the rule rather than the exception. Non-reciprocal interactions occur, for instance, in networks of neurons, directional growth of interfaces, and synthetic active materials. While wave…

软凝聚态物质 · 物理学 2021-04-20 Michel Fruchart , Ryo Hanai , Peter B. Littlewood , Vincenzo Vitelli

Motility and nonreciprocity are two primary mechanisms for self-organization in active matter. In a recent study [Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 148301 (2023)], we explored their joint influence in a minimal model of two-species quorum-sensing…

软凝聚态物质 · 物理学 2025-04-15 Yu Duan , Jaime Agudo-Canalejo , Ramin Golestanian , Benoît Mahault

Pair interactions between active particles need not follow Newton's third law. In this work we propose a continuum model of pattern formation due to non-reciprocal interaction between multiple species of scalar active matter. The classical…

统计力学 · 物理学 2020-10-21 Suropriya Saha , Jaime Agudo-Canalejo , Ramin Golestanian

Multicomponent phase separation is a routine occurrence in both living and synthetic systems. Thermodynamics provides a straightforward path to determine the phase boundaries that characterize these transitions for systems at equilibrium.…

统计力学 · 物理学 2025-12-08 Yu-Jen Chiu , Daniel Evans , Ahmad K. Omar

Nonreciprocity is most commonly associated with a large difference in the transmitted energy when the locations of the source and receiver are interchanged. This energy bias is accompanied by a difference in the transmitted phase. We…

应用物理 · 物理学 2026-01-08 Ali Kogani , Behrooz Yousefzadeh

From Newtons third law, the principle of actio et reactio, we expect the forces between interacting particles to be equal and opposite. However, non-reciprocal forces can arise. Specifically, this has recently been shown theoretically in…

Nonreciprocal interactions are widely observed in nonequilibrium systems, from biological or sociological dynamics to open quantum systems. Despite the ubiquity of nonreciprocity, its impact on phase transitions is not fully understood. In…

Nonreciprocal effective interaction forces can occur between mesoscopic particles in colloidal suspensions that are driven out of equilibrium. These forces violate Newton's third law actio=reactio on coarse-grained length and time scales.…

软凝聚态物质 · 物理学 2016-01-20 Jörg Bartnick , Marco Heinen , Alexei V Ivlev , Hartmut Löwen

Non-reciprocal systems can be thought of as disobeying Newtons third law - an action does not cause an equal and opposite reaction. In recent years there has been a dramatic rise in interest towards such systems. On a fundamental level,…

统计力学 · 物理学 2024-12-06 Sergei Shmakov , Glasha Osipycheva , Peter B. Littlewood

Non-reciprocal interactions are among the simplest mechanisms that drive a physical system out of thermal equilibrium, leading to novel phenomena such as oscillatory pattern formation. In this paper, we introduce a ternary phase separation…

软凝聚态物质 · 物理学 2025-12-09 Xiao Ma , Michael E. Cates

In active matter, the lack of momentum conservation makes non-reciprocal interactions the rule rather than the exception. They lead to a rich set of emerging behaviors that are hard to account for and to predict starting from the…

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