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In the early 2000s, low dimensional systems were predicted to have topologically nontrivial polar structures, such as vortices or skyrmions, depending on mechanical or electrical boundary conditions. A few variants of these structures have…

The radio detection of very inclined air showers offers a promising avenue for studying ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) and neutrinos. Accurate reconstruction methods are essential for investigating the properties of primary…

Highly confined vectorial electromagnetic field distributions represent an excellent tool for detailed studies in nano-optics and high resolution microscopy, such as nonlinear microscopy, advanced fluorescence imaging or nanoplasmonics.…

Probing optical excitations with high resolution is important for understanding their dynamics and controlling their interaction with other photonic elements. This can be done using state-of-the-art electron microscopes, which provide the…

Three-dimensional reconstruction of atomic structure, known as atomic electron tomography (AET), has found increasing applications in materials science. The AET has been limited to very small nanoparticles due to the challenges of obtaining…

Modern nanomaterials contain complexity that spans all three dimensions - from multigate semiconductors to clean energy nanocatalysts to complex block copolymers. For nanoscale characterization, it has been a long-standing goal to observe…

Single-particle electron cryomicroscopy is an essential tool for high-resolution 3D reconstruction of proteins and other biological macromolecules. An important challenge in cryo-EM is the reconstruction of non-rigid molecules with parts…

This paper discusses the reconstruction of partially sampled spectrum-images to accelerate the acquisition in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The problem of image reconstruction has been widely considered in the literature…

Positron emission tomographs (PET) do not measure an image directly. Instead, they measure at the boundary of the field-of-view (FOV) of PET tomograph a sinogram that consists of measurements of the sums of all the counts along the lines…

Secondary electron (SE) imaging offers a powerful complementary capabilities to conventional scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) by providing surface-sensitive, pseudo-3D topographic information. However, contrast…

Progress in electron-beam spectroscopies has recently enabled the study of optical excitations with combined space, energy and time resolution in the nanometer, millielectronvolt and femtosecond domain, thus providing unique access into…

Optical fields polarized along three dimensions are frequent in optical microscopy and nanophotonics, and yet retrieving their polarization distribution is challenging. We present the experimental implementation of three-dimensional (3D)…

Electron tomography (ET) has become a standard technique for 3D characterization of materials at the nano-scale. Traditional reconstruction algorithms such as weighted back projection suffer from disruptive artifacts with insufficient…

Proton radiography is a widely-fielded diagnostic used to measure magnetic structures in plasma. The deflection of protons with multi-MeV kinetic energy by the magnetic fields is used to infer their path-integrated field strength. Here, the…

Recently, two reports have demonstrated the amazing possibility to probe vibrational excitations from nanoparticles with a spatial resolution much smaller than the corresponding free-space phonon wavelength using electron energy loss…

The application of PhotoEmission Electron Microscopy (PEEM) and Low Energy Electron Microscopy (LEEM) techniques to the study of the electronic and chemical structure of ferroelectric materials is reviewed. Electron optics in both…

The optical properties of metallic nanoparticles are dominated by localized surface plasmons (LSPs). Their properties only depend on the constituting material, the size and shape of the nano-object as well as its surrounding medium. In…

Direct electron detectors in scanning transmission electron microscopy give unprecedented possibilities for structure analysis at the nanoscale. In electronic and quantum materials, this new capability gives access to, for example, emergent…

We investigate the problem of probing the local spatial structure of the magnetic field of the interstellar medium using multi-frequency polarized maps of the synchrotron emission at radio wavelengths. We focus in this paper on the…

Schemes for X-ray imaging single protein molecules using new x-ray sources, like x-ray free electron lasers (XFELs), require processing many frames of data that are obtained by taking temporally short snapshots of identical molecules, each…