相关论文: Racial Disparities in Pulse Oximetry Cannot Be Fix…

The new era of large-scale data collection and analysis presents an opportunity for diagnosing and understanding the causes of health inequities. In this study, we describe a framework for systematically analyzing health disparities using…

We study the problem of training a model that must obey demographic fairness conditions when the sensitive features are not available at training time -- in other words, how can we train a model to be fair by race when we don't have data…

Racial differences in authoritarianism are widely used to explain variation in political attitudes, yet it is unclear whether they reflect true latent differences or measurement artifacts. Using anchor-based multi-group confirmatory factor…

The spectrum of laser-plasma generated X-rays is very important, it characterizes electron dynamics in plasma and is basic for applications. However, the accuracies and efficiencies of existing methods to diagnose the spectrum of…

Subjects in clinical studies that investigate paired body parts can carry a disease on either both sides (bilateral) or a single side (unilateral) of the organs. Data in such studies may consist of both bilateral and unilateral records.…

We study optical pulse propagation through a hollow-core fiber filled with a radially inhomogeneous cloud of cold atoms. A co-propagating control field establishes electromagnetically induced transparency. In analogy to a graded index…

This study examines racial disparities in violent arrest outcomes, challenging conventional methods through a nuanced analysis of Cincinnati Police Department data. Acknowledging the intricate nature of racial disparity, the study…

The analysis of data from x-ray microcalorimeters requires great care; their excellent intrinsic energy resolution cannot usually be achieved in practice without a statistically near-optimal pulse analysis and corrections for important…

It is known that there is a dichotomy in the performance of model selectors. Those that are consistent (having the "oracle property") do not achieve the asymptotic minimax rate for prediction error. We look at this phenomenon closely, and…

The vast majority of techniques to train fair models require access to the protected attribute (e.g., race, gender), either at train time or in production. However, in many important applications this protected attribute is largely…

This paper shows that black and Hispanic borrowers are 39% more likely to experience a debt collection judgment than white borrowers, even after controlling for credit scores and other relevant credit attributes. The racial gap in judgments…

Bayesian inference is used to estimate continuous parameter values given measured data in many fields of science. The method relies on conditional probability densities to describe information about both data and parameters, yet the notion…

Conducting disparity assessments at regular time intervals is critical for surfacing potential biases in decision-making and improving outcomes across demographic groups. Because disparity assessments fundamentally depend on the…

Much evidence in comparative effectiveness research is based on observational studies. Researchers who conduct observational studies typically assume that there are no unobservable differences between the treated and control groups.…

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is heart rate variability in synchrony with respiration although its functional significance not clear. The loss of sinus arrhythmia may indicate underlying heart failure or disease; therefore, there would…

We consider exact asymptotics of the minimax risk for global testing against sparse alternatives in the context of high dimensional linear regression. Our results characterize the leading order behavior of this minimax risk in several…

There is growing concern that the potential of black box AI may exacerbate health-related disparities and biases such as gender and ethnicity in clinical decision-making. Biased decisions can arise from data availability and collection…

When the difference between treatments in a clinical trial is estimated by a difference in means, then it is well known that randomization ensures unbiassed estimation, even if no account is taken of important baseline covariates. However,…

99m-Tc Ethyl-Cysteinate-Dimer SPECT and MR imaging play a significant role in diagnosing anosmia. In this study, two-tissue class and three-tissue class attenuation maps (2C-MR and 3CMR) obtained from MR images were compared with CT-based…

We propose a method to test for the presence of differential ascertainment in case-control studies, when data are collected by multiple sources. We show that, when differential ascertainment is present, the use of only the observed cases…