相关论文: Racial Disparities in Pulse Oximetry Cannot Be Fix…

The measurement of the spin frequency in accreting millisecond X-ray pulsars (AMXPs) is strongly affected by the presence of an unmodeled component in the pulse arrival times called 'timing noise'. We show that it is possible to attribute…

Threshold tests have recently been proposed as a useful method for detecting bias in lending, hiring, and policing decisions. For example, in the case of credit extensions, these tests aim to estimate the bar for granting loans to white and…

Medical imaging has revolutionized disease diagnosis, yet the potential is hampered by limited access to diverse and privacy-conscious datasets. Open-source medical datasets, while valuable, suffer from data quality and clinical information…

Deep learning models can identify racial identity with high accuracy from chest X-ray (CXR) recordings. Thus, there is widespread concern about the potential for racial shortcut learning, where a model inadvertently learns to systematically…

Luminescence-based sensors for measuring oxygen concentration are widely used both in industry and research due to the practical advantages and sensitivity of this type of sensing. The measuring principle is the luminescence quenching by…

An explanation is proposed for the fact that in LMXBs the correlation between most observable X-ray spectral and timing parameters (such as kHz QPO frequency) on the one hand, and Lx on the other, while generally good in a given source on a…

Matching on a low dimensional vector of scalar covariates consists of constructing groups of individuals in which each individual in a group is within a pre-specified distance from an individual in another group. However, matching in high…

In this paper, the spectra of the persistent emission from anomalous X-ray pulsars (AXPs) and their variation with spin-down rate $\dot{\Omega}$ is considered. Firstly, based on an accretion-powered model, the influences of both magnetic…

In recent years, there is a growing body of causal inference literature focusing on covariate balancing methods. These methods eliminate observed confounding by equalizing covariate moments between the treated and control groups. The…

Combining patient-level data from clinical trials can connect rare phenomena with clinical endpoints, but statistical techniques applied to a single trial may become problematical when trials are pooled. Estimating the hazard of a binary…

Detecting and mitigating bias in speaker verification systems is important, as datasets, processing choices and algorithms can lead to performance differences that systematically favour some groups of people while disadvantaging others.…

A number of studies suggest bias of the face biometrics, i.e., face recognition and soft-biometric estimation methods, across gender, race, and age groups. There is a recent urge to investigate the bias of different biometric modalities…

Intravascular polarimetry with catheter-based polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) complements the high-resolution structural tomograms of OCT with morphological contrast available through polarimetry. Its clinical…

Vision-Language Models trained on massive collections of human-generated data often reproduce and amplify societal stereotypes. One critical form of stereotyping reproduced by these models is homogeneity bias-the tendency to represent…

Machine learning algorithms are increasingly deployed in critical domains such as finance, healthcare, and criminal justice [1]. The increasing popularity of algorithmic decision-making has stimulated interest in algorithmic fairness within…

The radio/X-ray correlation diagram, for Black Hole X-ray Binaries (BHXBs) in the hard state, depicts the connection that might exists between the radio jets and X-ray emitting accretion discs. The current version of the radio/X-ray…

Healthcare disparities persist across socioeconomic boundaries, often attributed to unequal access to screening, diagnostics, and therapeutics. However, this perspective highlights that critical biases can emerge much earlier, during data…

Recent research has questioned the fairness of face-based recognition and attribute classification methods (such as gender and race) for dark-skinned people and women. Ocular biometrics in the visible spectrum is an alternate solution over…

The asymmetry of coupling between complex systems can be studied by conditional probabilities of recurrence, which can be estimated by joint recurrence plots. This approach is applied for the first time on experimental data: time series of…

Dielectric spectra of human blood reveal a rich variety of dynamic processes. Achieving a better characterization and understanding of these processes not only is of academic interest but also of high relevance for medical applications as,…