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The fetal cortical plate undergoes drastic morphological changes throughout early in utero development that can be observed using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. An accurate MR image segmentation, and more importantly a topologically…

Accurate brain image segmentation, particularly for distinguishing various tissues from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images, plays a pivotal role in finding the neurological dis ease and medical image computing. In deep learning…

Image segmentation is critically important in almost all medical image analysis for automatic interpretations and processing. However, it is often challenging to perform image segmentation due to data imbalance between intra- and…

The fetal cortical plate (CP) undergoes drastic morphological changes during the in utero development. Therefore, CP growth and folding patterns are key indicator in the assessment of the brain development and maturation. Magnetic resonance…

In many medical imaging and classical computer vision tasks, the Dice score and Jaccard index are used to evaluate the segmentation performance. Despite the existence and great empirical success of metric-sensitive losses, i.e. relaxations…

Vascular segmentation in medical imaging plays a crucial role in analysing morphological and functional assessments. Traditional methods, like the centerline Dice (clDice) loss, ensure topology preservation but falter in capturing geometric…

Automatic segmentation methods are an important advancement in medical image analysis. Machine learning techniques, and deep neural networks in particular, are the state-of-the-art for most medical image segmentation tasks. Issues with…

Fetal cortical plate segmentation is essential in quantitative analysis of fetal brain maturation and cortical folding. Manual segmentation of the cortical plate, or manual refinement of automatic segmentations is tedious and…

Segmentation is a fundamental task in medical image analysis. The clinical interest is often to measure the volume of a structure. To evaluate and compare segmentation methods, the similarity between a segmentation and a predefined ground…

Within medical imaging segmentation, the Dice coefficient and Hausdorff-based metrics are standard measures of success for deep learning models. However, modern loss functions for medical image segmentation often only consider the Dice…

This work presents a study on label noise in medical image segmentation by considering a noise model based on Gaussian field deformations. Such noise is of interest because it yields realistic looking segmentations and because it is…

This paper presents a study on the soft-Dice loss, one of the most popular loss functions in medical image segmentation, for situations where noise is present in target labels. In particular, the set of optimal solutions are characterized…

The Dice score and Jaccard index are commonly used metrics for the evaluation of segmentation tasks in medical imaging. Convolutional neural networks trained for image segmentation tasks are usually optimized for (weighted) cross-entropy.…

Blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) MRI time series with maternal hyperoxia can assess placental oxygenation and function. Measuring precise BOLD changes in the placenta requires accurate temporal placental segmentation and is confounded by…

Most segmentation losses are arguably variants of the Cross-Entropy (CE) or Dice losses. On the surface, these two categories of losses seem unrelated, and there is no clear consensus as to which category is a better choice, with varying…

Widely used loss functions for CNN segmentation, e.g., Dice or cross-entropy, are based on integrals over the segmentation regions. Unfortunately, for highly unbalanced segmentations, such regional summations have values that differ by…

Fetal brain segmentation is an important first step for slice-level motion correction and slice-to-volume reconstruction in fetal MRI. Fast and accurate segmentation of the fetal brain on fetal MRI is required to achieve real-time fetal…

Breast region segmentation is an essential prerequisite in computerized analysis of mammograms. It aims at separating the breast tissue from the background of the mammogram and it includes two independent segmentations. The first segments…

Albeit the Dice loss is one of the dominant loss functions in medical image segmentation, most research omits a closer look at its derivative, i.e. the real motor of the optimization when using gradient descent. In this paper, we highlight…

Diffusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI) is increasingly used to study the fetal brain in utero. An important computation enabled by dMRI is streamline tractography, which has unique applications such as tract-specific analysis…