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Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for ensuring the reliability and safety of machine learning models in real-world applications. While zero-shot OOD detection, which requires no training on in-distribution (ID) data, has become…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-05-21 Yu Liu , Hao Tang , Haiqi Zhang , Jing Qin , Zechao Li

Predictive machine learning models generally excel on in-distribution data, but their performance degrades on out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs. Reliable deployment therefore requires robust OOD detection, yet this is particularly…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-19 David Graber , Victor Armegioiu , Rebecca Buller , Siddhartha Mishra

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential for determining when a supervised model encounters inputs that differ meaningfully from its training distribution. While widely studied in classification, OOD detection for regression and…

机器学习 · 统计学 2025-12-16 Min Lu , Hemant Ishwaran

A key feature of out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is to exploit a trained neural network by extracting statistical patterns and relationships through the multi-layer classifier to detect shifts in the expected input data distribution.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-06-07 Eduardo Dadalto , Pierre Colombo , Guillaume Staerman , Nathan Noiry , Pablo Piantanida

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is committed to delineating the classification boundaries between in-distribution (ID) and OOD images. Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable OOD detection…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-11-17 Zhixia He , Chen Zhao , Minglai Shao , Xintao Wu , Xujiang Zhao , Dong Li , Qin Tian , Linlin Yu

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a critical requirement for reliable autonomous driving, where safety depends on recognizing road obstacles and unexpected objects beyond the training distribution. Despite extensive research on OOD…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-11-12 Zizhao Li , Zhengkang Xiang , Jiayang Ao , Joseph West , Kourosh Khoshelham

Previous OOD detection systems only focus on the semantic gap between ID and OOD samples. Besides the semantic gap, we are faced with two additional gaps: the domain gap between source and target domains, and the class-imbalance gap between…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Xiang Fang , Arvind Easwaran , Blaise Genest , Ponnuthurai Nagaratnam Suganthan

To detect distribution shifts and improve model safety, many out-of-distribution (OOD) detection methods rely on the predictive uncertainty or features of supervised models trained on in-distribution data. In this paper, we critically…

Current Semi-Supervised Object Detection (SSOD) methods enhance detector performance by leveraging large amounts of unlabeled data, assuming that both labeled and unlabeled data share the same label space. However, in open-set scenarios,…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-12-04 Xinhao Zhong , Siyu Jiao , Yao Zhao , Yunchao Wei

This paper presents a principled approach for detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) samples in deep neural networks (DNN). Modeling probability distributions on deep features has recently emerged as an effective, yet computationally cheap…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-12-09 Ibrahima Ndiour , Nilesh Ahuja , Omesh Tickoo

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) data is a task that is receiving an increasing amount of research attention in the domain of deep learning for computer vision. However, the performance of detection methods is generally evaluated on the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-03-15 Guoxuan Xia , Christos-Savvas Bouganis

Current out-of-distribution (OOD) detection methods typically assume balanced in-distribution (ID) data, while most real-world data follow a long-tailed distribution. Previous approaches to long-tailed OOD detection often involve balancing…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-12-19 Yina He , Lei Peng , Yongcun Zhang , Juanjuan Weng , Zhiming Luo , Shaozi Li

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for the safe deployment of neural networks. Existing CLIP-based approaches perform OOD detection by devising novel scoring functions or sophisticated fine-tuning methods. In this work, we…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-06 Yixia Li , Boya Xiong , Guanhua Chen , Yun Chen

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection aims to discern outliers from the intended data distribution, which is crucial to maintaining high reliability and a good user experience. Most recent studies in OOD detection utilize the information from…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-10-21 Hyunsoo Cho , Choonghyun Park , Jaewook Kang , Kang Min Yoo , Taeuk Kim , Sang-goo Lee

How can models effectively detect out-of-distribution (OOD) samples in complex, multi-label settings without extensive retraining? Existing OOD detection methods struggle to capture the intricate semantic relationships and label…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-01-30 Zhendong Liu , Yi Nian , Yuehan Qin , Henry Peng Zou , Li Li , Xiyang Hu , Yue Zhao

Most deep-learning-based image classification methods assume that all samples are generated under an independent and identically distributed (IID) setting. However, out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization is more common in practice, which…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-02-24 Xin Guo , Zhengxu Yu , Chao Xiang , Zhongming Jin , Jianqiang Huang , Deng Cai , Xiaofei He , Xian-Sheng Hua

Image classification plays a pivotal role across diverse applications, yet challenges persist when models are deployed in real-world scenarios. Notably, these models falter in detecting unfamiliar classes that were not incorporated during…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-01-03 Butian Xiong , Liguang Zhou , Tin Lun Lam , Yangsheng Xu

Semantic segmentation models classify pixels into a set of known (``in-distribution'') visual classes. When deployed in an open world, the reliability of these models depends on their ability not only to classify in-distribution pixels but…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-08-22 Yuyuan Liu , Choubo Ding , Yu Tian , Guansong Pang , Vasileios Belagiannis , Ian Reid , Gustavo Carneiro

Density-based Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection has recently been shown unreliable for the task of detecting OOD images. Various density ratio based approaches achieve good empirical performance, however methods typically lack a…

机器学习 · 统计学 2022-06-09 Mingtian Zhang , Andi Zhang , Tim Z. Xiao , Yitong Sun , Steven McDonagh

Out-of-Distribution (OoD) detection is important for building safe artificial intelligence systems. However, current OoD detection methods still cannot meet the performance requirements for practical deployment. In this paper, we propose a…

机器学习 · 统计学 2020-12-18 Haiwen Huang , Zhihan Li , Lulu Wang , Sishuo Chen , Bin Dong , Xinyu Zhou