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High-fidelity multi-qubit gates are a critical resource for near-term quantum computing, as they underpin the execution of both quantum algorithms and fault-tolerant protocols. The Toffoli gate (CCNOT), in particular, plays a central role…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-09-09 M. AbuGhanem

In this work, we demonstrate that the zero-fidelity, an approximation to the process fidelity, when combined with randomized benchmarking, becomes robust to state preparation and measurement (SPAM) errors. However, as randomized…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-12-22 Yu-Hao Chen , Renata Wong , Hsi-Sheng Goan

Quantum error correction is a crucial step beyond the current noisy-intermediate-scale quantum device towards fault-tolerant quantum computing. However, most of the error corrections ever demonstrated rely on post-selection of events or…

量子物理 · 物理学 2021-09-07 Toshiaki Inada , Wonho Jang , Yutaro Iiyama , Koji Terashi , Ryu Sawada , Junichi Tanaka , Shoji Asai

We use a random search technique to find quantum gate sequences that implement perfect quantum state preparation or unitary operator synthesis with arbitrary targets. This approach is based on the recent discovery that there is a large…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-10-25 Sahel Ashhab , Fumiki Yoshihara , Miwako Tsuji , Mitsuhisa Sato , Kouichi Semba

Quantum computers promise to solve certain problems exponentially faster than possible classically but are challenging to build because of their increased susceptibility to errors. Remarkably, however, it is possible to detect and correct…

量子物理 · 物理学 2012-02-24 M. D. Reed , L. DiCarlo , S. E. Nigg , L. Sun , L. Frunzio , S. M. Girvin , R. J. Schoelkopf

We present a comprehensive architectural analysis for a proposed fault-tolerant quantum computer based on cat codes concatenated with outer quantum error-correcting codes. For the physical hardware, we propose a system of acoustic…

Three-qubit quantum gates are key ingredients for quantum error correction and quantum information processing. We generate quantum-control procedures to design three types of three-qubit gates, namely Toffoli, Controlled-Not-Not and Fredkin…

量子物理 · 物理学 2016-11-17 Ehsan Zahedinejad , Joydip Ghosh , Barry C. Sanders

We present a quantum circuit optimization technique that takes into account the variability in error rates that is inherent across present day noisy quantum computing platforms. This method can be run post qubit routing or post-compilation,…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-03-22 Paul D. Nation , Matthew Treinish

In order to achieve fault-tolerant quantum computation, we need to repeat the following sequence of four steps: First, perform 1 or 2 qubit quantum gates (in parallel if possible). Second, do a syndrome measurement on a subset of the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-12-11 Harry Buhrman , Marten Folkertsma , Bruno Loff , Niels M. P. Neumann

The recently demonstrated trapping and laser cooling of $^{133}$Ba$^+$ has opened the door to the use of this nearly ideal atom for quantum information processing. However, before high fidelity qubit operations can be performed, a number of…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-03-11 Justin E. Christensen , David Hucul , Wesley C. Campbell , Eric R. Hudson

The large overhead imposed by quantum error correction is a critical challenge to the realization of quantum computers, and motivates searching for alternative error correcting codes and fault-tolerant circuit constructions. Postselection…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-03-10 J. Wilson Staples , Winston Fu , Jeff D. Thompson

Quantum state preparation is a crucial process within numerous quantum algorithms, and the need for efficient initialization of quantum registers is ever increasing as demand for useful quantum computing grows. The problem arises as the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-09-11 Andrew Wright , Marco Lewis , Paolo Zuliani , Sadegh Soudjani

Correctly characterizing state preparation and measurement (SPAM) processes is a necessary step towards building reliable quantum processing units (QPUs). In this work, we discuss the subtleties behind separately measuring SPAM errors. We…

量子物理 · 物理学 2021-11-03 Junan Lin , Joel J. Wallman , Ian Hincks , Raymond Laflamme

The performance of quantum error correction schemes depends sensitively on the physical realizations of the qubits and the implementations of various operations. For example, in quantum dot spin qubits, readout is typically much slower than…

It has been known that quantum error correction via concatenated codes can be done with exponentially small failure rate if the error rate for physical qubits is below a certain accuracy threshold. Other, unconcatenated codes with their own…

量子物理 · 物理学 2008-12-18 Eric Dennis

The fault-tolerant operation of logical qubits is an important requirement for realizing a universal quantum computer. Spin qubits based on quantum dots have great potential to be scaled to large numbers because of their compatibility with…

We introduce a low-overhead technique for quantum error mitigation based on post-selection using auxiliary qubit measurements. The method exploits the structural property that, in an error-free computation, auxiliary qubits are often…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-05-28 Gilad Kishony , Avi Elazari , Ron Cohen , Lior Gazit

State preparation and measurement (SPAM) errors limit the performance of many gate-based quantum computing architecures, but are partly correctable after a calibration step that requires, for an exact implementation on a register of $n$…

量子物理 · 物理学 2020-07-16 Mingyu Sun , Michael R. Geller

Experimental implementations of quantum information processing have now reached a level of sophistication where quantum process tomography is impractical. The number of experimental settings as well as the computational cost of the data…

量子物理 · 物理学 2012-07-02 L. Steffen , M. P. da Silva , A. Fedorov , M. Baur , A. Wallraff

We present a novel protocol for high-fidelity qubit state preparation and measurement (SPAM) that combines standard SPAM methods with a series of in-sequence measurements to detect and remove errors. The protocol can be applied in any…

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